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路透:乌兹别克斯坦总统卡里莫夫已去世

2016-09-02 18:49:05   中国新闻网

格鲁吉亚“玫瑰革命”后,卡里莫夫立即下令关闭了“索罗斯基金会”在塔什干的分支机构。

2005年,乌兹别克邻国吉尔吉斯爆发“郁金香革命”,此后两个月,乌兹别克发生了“安集延事件”。

当年5月,安集延事件导火线为当地23名商人突然被捕,被指是“乌伊运”成员,控以“从事极端主义、原教旨主义和分离主义活动”,当时有说法指商人被捕“不是因为宗教信仰原因,而是因为拒绝为当局提供商业好处”。

民众示威现场

审判触发民众上街示威,高峰期逾4000人,不久武装分子占领政府行政大楼,劫持多个政府部门主管,要求卡里莫夫下台,又成功劫狱,放走数百名囚犯。

但卡里莫夫很快控制住了局势——“御驾亲征”乘专机抵达骚乱地区;迅速在当地机场建立临时指挥部;视察当地强力部门,下达实施紧急措施命令……

在记者会上,卡里莫夫表示:“把乌兹别克斯坦的骚乱事件与乌克兰、格鲁吉亚和吉尔吉斯斯坦的事件等同起来是不对的,我本人坚决反对任何所谓的革命。”卡里莫夫的一系列强硬措施,让人们再次见识了乌兹别克斯坦“铁腕总统”的强硬作风。

“安集延事件”令卡里莫夫明白到国民对生活水平和权贵垄断的不满,自此在国内更专注发展经济,得到亮丽政绩:自2005年来,每年经济增长均能达到7%~8%,通胀率则维持在10%以下。

目前,乌国正逐步从计划经济过渡到市场经济,推动减少进口,加上发展天然气、煤、石油等能源取得成功,经济发展势头比较乐观。

相对俄罗斯较为独立与美国“相爱相杀”

中亚国家中,乌兹别克对俄罗斯的独立倾向较强,不在独联体集体安全条约现有6个成员国之列。

而且乌兹别克世俗现代社会较为成熟,也有一定军事基础,所以美国在1990年代将中亚战略重心由哈萨克转到乌兹别克。

美国发动全球反恐战争后,乌兹别克积极与华盛顿达成开放领空领土、交换情报、让美军进驻距离阿富汗边境200公里的汗阿巴德空军基地等合作。小布什在任美国总统时,卡里莫夫被认为是美国在中亚的最重要盟友。

曾供给美军使用的汗阿巴德空军基地

但在美国势力阴影下的“安集延事件”后,乌兹别克“亲美反恐”模式才出现根本改变。

美国高调批评卡里莫夫对事件的处理,并对乌兹别克经济制裁。而卡里莫夫开始认为美国在背后赞助反政府活动,随后更宣布关闭汗阿巴德空军基地。

而中俄两国则不时为乌兹别克辩护。

俄罗斯基于自身也面对南部的极端分离主义,因此倾向维护乌兹别克。

中国则因为同样面对极端宗教主义威胁,也迅速认同乌兹别克政府对事件的定性,中方当时表示:“乌兹别克斯坦是中国的近邻和合作伙伴……中方坚决反对任何形式的恐怖主义、分裂主义和极端主义,将一如既往地支持乌兹别克斯坦及本地区各国为维护国家和地区安全与稳定所作的努力。”

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