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首批歼20战机被指交付中国空军 日本首飞F35应对

2016-08-28 12:57:41   观察者网

如果从中日两国空中力量装备换装的角度看,这是中日两国近几十年来差距最小的一次,也是中日空军第一次彻底颠倒空中优势的一次换装:1997年日本航空自卫队接收第一批测试用F-2战机时,中国的歼-10和歼-11都还没有试飞,少量引进的苏-27SK还是中国空军的核心装备:1981年日本换装F-15J战机时,中国空军的歼-7不仅装备数量稀少,实际上还不具备起码的战斗力……而在五代机换装上,几乎除了日本媒体外的所有人都不怀疑中国的歼-20将会在空战中针对F-35A取得优势地位,也正是因此,这次换装成了中日空中力量变化的里程碑。

歼-20战斗机首批量产型已经交付部队,其实据消息这是今年8月初的事情了,目前的歼-20仍使用俄制发动机,但由于气动设计优秀,飞行性能碾压F-35仍不成问题。但歼-20真正具有革命性的是隐身性能和航电、武器系统的进步,就和当初引进苏-27SK一样,预计它将引领空军进入一个崭新的时代

当然,这一装备上的性能劣势并非日本航空自卫队最初的设想,毕竟在日本五代机更新计划提出之初,无论是日本航空自卫队还是日本政府,都牢牢将购买美制F-22A战机作为换装的首选和唯一的目标。尽管美国一再重申F-22A由于其技术先进性和敏感性将不会出售,但日本航空自卫队考虑到日美两国的特殊关系,以及洛克希德·马丁公司私下向日本政府作出的保证,依然丝毫没有放松对F-22A的追求。相应的,日本政府当时不仅对采购“备胎”性质的F-35战机态度冷淡(这从日本政府没有加入美国F-35项目可见一斑),也对看起来和本国自制五代机关系密切的“心神”验证机兴趣索然(“心神”验证机虽然在2000年就正式提出,但在原计划结束项目的2008年前,该机连一架等比例模型都没有造出来。而“心神”验证机研制的全面加速,恰恰就是2009年美国宣布停产F-22A战机之后)。

日本购买的第一架F-35A战斗机在美国首飞

从F-35A“备胎转正”的故事桥段来看,因为是F-22A停产后匆匆开始正式参与的项目,F-35A战机的日本型虽然在完成度上与其他国家采购的F-35一样,但从航空自卫队本身的考虑来看,这些飞机的问题却相当不小。首先,因为日本是购买了美军飞机,但没有参与系统整合和研制,因此F-35A战机与日本航空自卫队原有的装备体系格格不入。无论是空自已经批量装备的AAM-5近距离空空导弹,还是目前还在最后研制试验中的AAM-4B中程空空导弹,都不具备挂入F-35A战机的弹仓之内,换言之,日本航空自卫队未来将维持至少两个完全不同的空空导弹序列;其次,F-35在作战性能上与歼20的差别是显而易见的,航空自卫队装备的F-35A战机在机动性、隐身性能、超视距空战等方面占据劣势,以至于自卫队“依靠装备质量和人员素质”的传统策略失效;再加上F-35A飞行性能上的取舍,在执行诸如紧急拦截这样的任务时效果很可能不如F-15J,因此未来在东海上空可能的对峙之中,很可能还需要老迈的F-15J们继续撑几年场面。

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