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辽宁不宁:经济发展落后 官场贿选成风

2016-08-27 09:24:04   中国经济网

2016年上半年31省市GDP增速排名及各项数据对比。

垫底

今天公布的《辽宁省委关于巡视“回头看”整改情况的通报》对辽宁的官场乱象直言不讳:“我们也清醒地看到,由于辽宁的政治生态已遭到严重破坏,有些问题积弊较深,彻底扭转仍需时日”。

糟糕的政治生态直接影响的就是经济的增长。

不久前,国家统计局官网公布上半年全国各省市自治区GDP增速表,辽宁垫底,还是全国唯一的一个负增长省份,-1.3%,比倒数第二的山西,差了4个多点。《通报》中还提到,一个时期辽宁全省普遍存在经济数据造假问题,对此加大统计执法力度,一经发现造假就追责。

这也让辽宁的这个负增长数据显得更加真实、诚恳。

另一个“负增长”数据来自辽宁省统计局。根据1%人口抽样调查推算,至去年年末,辽宁省常住人口总数为4382.4万人,相比2014年,2015年辽宁常住人口减少9万人。这也是17年来,辽宁常住人口总量首次出现负增长。从人口经济学角度看,一个地区的人才流失与经济下滑有着较为密切的关系,而且彼此还相互作用。

侠客岛之前有多篇文章分析过东北经济。辽宁是老工业区,能源行业和大宗商品生产等传统工业是支柱产业。几十年的经济发展定势让辽宁甚至整个东北地区经济都产生了“路径依赖”。但这种生产惰性反映在对市场变化的不敏感,当传统产业优势衰退的时候,东北地区的工业产品需求就大幅减少。第一产业一家独大,包括钢铁石化冶金造船等都很糟糕,产能过剩问题突出,工业重型化的问题一直没有得到有效解决。

辽宁今年一季度规模以上工业增速居然退到了-8.4%,要知道全国的平均水平是5.8%。辽宁在结构转型中明显落后。

于此同时,之前粗放型的举债发展,让地方政府背上了沉重的债务负担。今年1-5月辽宁省财政收入比上年同期下降8.6%。2015年末辽宁省政府债务余额为8718.5亿,相比2012年末增长3569.85亿。根据相关数据计算,辽宁2015末债务率为157.72%,相比2012年末上升了88%。如果这种趋势持续下去,因财力收缩而间接放大债务风险的情况还将继续。

从地市的债务率来看,除盘锦外,锦州、铁岭、辽阳、抚顺等地级市债务率均超过100%,最高者抚顺已经超过200%。辽宁省财政厅去年下发各地市的一份文件坦言:“目前我省债务余额较大,远超出债务标准限额。”

辽宁省委书记李希说,辽宁经济出现的困难,有结构原因,有体制机制原因,也有政治生态的原因。几个原因搅和在一起,成为辽宁困顿的枷锁。

彻查

有人概括,制约东北三省经济长远发展的根本原因是,市场经济的土壤尚未形成,民营经济不是市场主体,政府还没从资源配置的角色中退出来。

其实,辽宁的民间投资占全省投资的比重已经达到了7成,是名副其实的投资“主力军”。但今年上半年,全省民间投资降幅达到近60%,进一步加速了辽宁经济的下行。为什么?

对市场最为敏感的民营资本来说,一个良好的投资环境是最基本的保障。尤其是在经济下行的关口,投资愈发谨慎,对营商环境也更为挑剔。

在资本全国甚至全球流通的今天,各省的投资软环境竞争越来越激烈。这里面有个最基本的就是官商关系。哪个地方政府清廉、办事效率高,自然会受到更多的投资青睐,反过来,哪个地方政府腐败、吃拿卡要,投资自然避之不及。

从这点来说,辽宁的反腐,是为今后的发展清理道路。这个刮骨疗毒、转型升级的过程定然艰难,但为长远发展计,这个挫折有意义。而眼前,对于这次震惊全国的贿选案的查处正好向民众表明“刮骨疗毒”的决心。

好在辽宁省委的那份《通报》中,我们看到了两个字:“彻查”。

来源:侠客岛独孤九段

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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