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习近平:供给侧改革一定要“降成本”

2016-08-09 13:19:27   

实际经营过程中,多数企业反映“制度性交易成本高”、“融资成本高”、“税费负担重”等问题显著存在:

制度性交易成本高。“简政放权‘最后一公里’不时‘卡壳’,给企业增加了不少成本。”通过改革行政体制,推动简政放权,进一步清理规范中介服务,降低企业制度性交易成本势在必行。

用工成本高。近年来,结构性招工难等问题加剧了企业用工成本。浙江杭州一家芯片制造厂负责人对人民网记者表示,当前企业很难招到高学历技工,而由于在薪资水平不达预期等原因,一些刚培养成熟的员工又多数会选择离职。

同时,社保缴费高、融资成本高、税费负担重等问题虽有所缓解,但企业资金面仍倍感压力。工业和信息化部中小企业发展促进中心发布的《2015年企业负担调查评价报告》显示,79%的企业反映“人工成本快速攀升”,66%的企业反映“融资成本高”。此外,反映“税费负担重”“招工难”的企业占比分别达到54%和43%。

中央财经领导小组办公室副主任杨伟民表示,我国总的来看还是中等收入国家,但很多方面成本偏高,呈现一种“未富先高”的现象。着眼于此,中央经济工作会议把“降成本”作为今年经济社会发展特别是结构性改革的五大任务之一,并提出要开展降低实体经济企业成本行动。

1月13日,李克强总理主持召开国务院常务会议,决定再推出一批简政放权改革措施,让市场活力更大释放。同时提出再取消纳税人申报方式核准、地方企业发行企业债券的部门预审等150多项审批事项,再取消10余项束缚创业创新的部门行政许可,再清理规范192项中介服务事项等多项举措,为进一步“降本增效”奠定了基调。

在此基础上,今年我国先后宣布将18项行政事业性收费免征范围从小微企业扩大到所有企业和个人、阶段性降低社会保险费率,并于5月份启动全面营改增试点,6月开展民间政策落实问题督查,从7月开始实行全面资源税改革;国家发改委也先后启动了云南、贵州、安徽、宁夏、湖北五省(区)的电力改革,输配电价降价空间达55.6亿元。

中央的“降成本”决心为地方“减负”行动提供了方向。

据统计,今年以来已有逾28个省级政府出台“降成本”政策。5月,江西省出台《关于降低企业成本优化发展环境的若干意见》,“降本减负”相关条目数多达80条;

湖北省也分别于4月底、5月初、5月中旬分别下发了《湖北省推进供给侧结构性改革五大任务总体方案》《湖北省降低企业成本专项行动方案》和《关于降低企业成本激发市场活力的意见》,条目数从7条上升到8条以及最新的25条意见;

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