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北京拟将霾纳入气象灾害 专家:别把人祸定为天灾

2016-08-01 11:54:23   中国环境报

正如之前提过的,霾污染的频发是污染物大量排放与不利扩散的天气条件共同作用的结果。加快治理霾污染,改善环境质量需要政府、企业、公众携手努力,充分发挥主观能动性。其中,最根本的是要改变粗放的发展方式,调整不合理的产业结构和能源结构,在全社会形成绿色低碳循环的生产生活方式。唯有从根本上、源头上着力,才能最大程度地减少霾的发生。

近年来,各部门按照国务院统一部署,已逐渐建立分工明确、组织严谨、保障有力的大气重污染天气预警应对体系。在霾的污染防治上,环保、气象等部门的分工合作机制已经逐步确立,气象工作的重点是做好气象监测、分析、预报,为大气污染防治工作提供数据、信息支持;环保工作的重点是综合气象、能源、工业等方面数据、信息,研判大气污染防治形势、提出政策措施。因此,要各尽其责、分工合作,提高政府运行效率。

王金南:将霾列为气象灾害,会造成非常消极的影响。最主要的影响在于,这在很大程度上混淆了“人为危害”和“自然灾害”的基本概念。气象灾害的根本还是自然灾害,而霾产生的根本原因是污染物排放量大。气象因素仅仅是推动霾形成的外部因素。将霾作为气象灾害,夸大了气象因素的影响,掩盖了人为排放引起大气污染的本质问题。主要的危害体现在两个方面。

一是不利于形成全社会治霾的合力。目前社会各界已经逐步明确了大气污染防治的责任主体和职能分工,空气质量改善正稳步推进。将霾作为气象灾害,会助长治霾“靠天吃饭”和推卸责任的思想,对进一步推进治霾工作极为不利。

二是会极大损害政府的公信力。国际社会上,无论是空气质量已经大幅改善的发达国家、正在受到不同程度空气质量影响的发展中国家,还是各种国际组织,在面对大气污染问题的时候,都是在产业结构调整、能源清洁化和污染源减排上下工夫。北京作为中国的首都,从气象灾害角度对“霾”做出规定,很可能给人造成北京乃至中国政府在大气污染防治方面推卸责任的印象,削弱大气污染防治工作的努力效果,损害北京市政府乃至中国政府的形象和公信力。

柴发合:将霾纳入气象灾害范畴,混淆了人类活动影响和自然灾害的基本概念,夸大了气象因素对大气污染来源成因的影响,掩盖了人为排放引起大气污染的本质问题。在立法中将霾列为气象灾害,很可能误导社会公众的认知,给人造成北京市乃至中国政府在大气污染防治方面推卸责任、“靠天吃饭”的印象,会对大气污染防治工作带来不必要的误解和纷争。

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