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河南“空心村”调查:婚外情严重 离婚率升高

2016-07-11 20:26:36   第一财经日报

徐京波介绍,有43.0%的留守妇女向在外打工的丈夫诉说烦恼,但是在访谈中发现其尽管向丈夫倾诉,但是由于空间距离存在,丈夫难以在实际行动上提供帮助。57.0%的被访者表示,日常生活中遇到的烦恼不会向在外打工的丈夫倾诉,其中3.5%的留守妇女向公婆诉说,10.5%的被访者向自己父母诉说,9.3%的被访者向自己的孩子诉说,11.6%的被访者向邻居诉说,22.1%的被访者选择了其他,而在其他的注明中,留守妇女主要是向自己诉说。由此可见,留守妇女的情感压力较大。

调查还发现,由于夫妻长期分居,情感淡化,导致“空心村”婚外恋、离婚率呈现出增高的趋势。调查数据显示,有5.0%的被访者认为婚外情现象较为严重和非常严重,35.4%的被访者认为严重性一般。

尽管调查数据显示将近60.0%的被访者认为该现象不严重,但是实际情况比数据呈现的要严重得多。因为婚外情在乡村社会是一个敏感话题。11日,河南省社会治理河南省协同创新中心发布的《河南省社会治理发展报告(2016)》介绍,在对村干部的深度访谈中了解到,当今农村婚外情现象还是较为严重的,婚姻的稳定性因为家庭结构离散而受到冲击。

徐京波介绍,与婚外情现象呈正相关,“空心村”的离婚率也在逐渐上升,而且上升速度较快。当问及最近三年,村里离婚率变化时,有48.8%的被访者认为上升了,45.5%的被访者认为没有变化,认为下降的只占5.8%。在进一步深度访谈中发现,最近三年“空心村”的离婚现象不仅表现在“80后”“90后”群体中,而且中老年人的离婚率也在逐渐上升。

超三成留守老人生活费不够用

上述调查专门就“空心村”留守老人(子女在外打工、居住在农村社区的60岁以上老人)的生活困境进行了研究。调查发现,由于子女长期不在身边,留守老人在日常生活中更多是自我照顾。

衡量其生活困境的一个重要指标是开支情况。徐京波介绍,当被问及生活费够不够花时,只有0.6%的留守老人认为生活费很充足且有多余,19.4%的被访者认为生活费够用,34.4%的留守老人认为自己生活费不够用,甚至很缺乏,45.6%的被访者认为自己的生活费勉强够用,但是一旦遇到重大事故,生活就会变得较为艰难。

在城市社会,60岁以上的老年人已经退休,不再进行工作。而在“空心村”社区,只要没有重大疾病,老年人基本上要从事农业活动。在调查中,有56.9%的留守老人仍然务农,务农占用了农民日常生活中的大部分时间,留守老人休闲娱乐生活匮乏。20.9%的被访者平常串门聊天,6.5%的留守老人平常听收音机、看电视,6.5%的留守老人平常打牌、打麻将,8.5%的老人选择呆坐,生活内容较为单调。

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