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2016高考真题及答案北京卷(语文)

2016-06-07 19:49:50   中国教育在线

绝密★启封并使用完毕前

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

语文(北京卷)

本试卷共10页,150分。考试时长150分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、本大题共8小题,共24分。

阅读下面的材料,完成1-8题。

材料一

自主科技创新催生“蛟龙”入水

二十一世纪以来,世界各国都在大力开展探索海洋、开发海洋资源的活动。深海潜水器是进入深海不可或缺的重要运载作业装备。在无人潜水器迅猛发展的今日,载人潜水器的发展仍然受到发达国家的高度重视,被称为“海洋学研究领域的重要基石”。

第一艘真正意义上的载人深海潜水器是美国的“曲斯特I”号。由于该潜水器无航行和作业能力,使用性能受到限制,加上体积较大,建造与运输均不方便,此类深潜器未得到进一步发展。真正开创了人类探测海洋资源历史的是美国1964年研制的“阿尔文”号,法国、俄罗斯、日本的大深度载人潜水器则是80年代的产品。

“蛟龙”号使我国成为继美国、法国、俄罗斯、日本之后世界上第五个掌握大深度载人深潜技术的国家。2009年,我国研发的‚“蛟龙”号载人潜水器在南中国海首次开展了1000米级深潜试验。2010年已能下潜到3759米的海底,并完成了海底取样、海底微地形地貌探测等任务。2011年7~8月,“蛟龙”号载人潜水器又在东北太平洋成功进行了5000米级试验,取得了一系列技术和应用成果。仅仅过了一年,2012年6月27日,‚蛟龙‛号在马里亚纳海沟开展了7000米级载人深潜试验,下潜到7062米深度,创造了国际上同类作业型载人潜水器下潜深度的最高纪录。此次海试进行了海水矿物取样、标志物布放、高清摄录、高精度海底地形测量等深海调查作业,并首次获取了这一海域7000米深度的动物影像和样本。2013年,“蛟龙”号转入试验性应用,并首次搭载科学家下潜,取得了大量宝贵样品,标志着我国已经具备了进行深海实地科学考察和研究的能力。2014~2015年,‚蛟龙‛号在印度洋下潜。2016年5月,“蛟龙”号在西北太平洋雅浦海沟进行科学应用下潜,并开展了超过1公里远的近底航行。

“蛟龙”号载人潜水器的研制充分体现了我国自主科技创新的追求。它与美国最新的6500米级‚新“阿尔文”号载人潜水器在水下的工作时间极限相同,能够携带的科学有效负载也相当,操纵性能和悬停作业能力相近,但在下潜深度方面它要深500米。“蛟龙”号的自动驾驶水平、水声通信功能也要略胜一筹,特别是水声通信传输图像的能力和微地形地貌的探测能力更是“新阿尔文号”所不具备的。

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