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最新中国居民膳食指南出炉 建议少油少盐

2016-05-13 18:56:22   新华网

新华网北京5月13日电(刘映)膳食宝塔、餐盘、算盘,今后如何吃得更健康可以“一目了然”。5月13日,国家卫生计生委疾控局发布《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》。国家卫计委疾控局监察专员常继乐,中国营养学会理事长杨月欣、常务副理事长翟凤英,中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所所长丁钢强、北大医学部公共卫生学院教授马冠生以及北京协和医院临床营养科教授于康等专家,针对公众关注的热点问题进行解答。会议由国家卫计委新闻发言人熊煌主持。

国家卫生计生委疾控局发布《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》现场图新华网刘映摄

据悉,新指南由一般人群膳食指南、特定人群膳食指南和中国居民平衡膳食实践三个部分组成。同时推出了中国居民膳食宝塔(2016)、中国居民平衡膳食餐盘(2016)和儿童平衡膳食算盘等三个可视化图形,指导大众在日常生活中进行具体实践。为方便百姓应用,这次还特别推出了《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》科普版,帮助百姓做出有益健康的饮食选择和行为改变。

我国居民面临营养缺乏和营养过剩双重挑战

据了解,我国于1989年首次发布了我国居民膳食指南,之后结合中国居民膳食和营养摄入情况,营养素需求和营养理论的知识更新,于1997年和2007年对《中国居民膳食指南》进行了两次修订。

对于此次新版指南的修订意义,常继乐表示,近年来,我国居民健康状况和营养水平得到不断改善,人均预期寿命逐年增长。2015年发布的《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告》显示,虽然我国居民膳食能量供给充足,体格发育与营养状况总体改善,但居民膳食结构仍存在不合理现象,豆类、奶类消费量依然偏低,脂肪摄入量过多,部分地区营养不良的问题还依然存在,超重肥胖问题凸显,与膳食营养相关的慢性病对我国居民健康的威胁日益严重。总体来看,近十年来,我国居民的膳食营养结构及疾病谱都发生了新的较大变化。

统计显示,我国成年人营养不良率达6%,儿童生长发育迟缓率约3.2%,儿童青少年的消瘦率为9%。再比如说贫血,6-11岁期间的儿童贫血率还有5%,孕产妇贫血率达到17.2%,60岁以上的老年人贫血率12.6%。一方面是营养不良,另一方面则是肥胖和体重超标,6-17岁青少年的体重超标率达9.6%,肥胖达6.4%,18岁以上成人体重超标率达30.1%,肥胖率达11.9%。因为这些肥胖、体重超重等因素,糖尿病、高血压等慢性病的发病率逐年上升。去年公布的数字显示,中国成人18岁以上高血压发病率达25.2%,糖尿病发病率达9.7%。

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