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上百家中央单位陆续晒预算 单列纪检监察支出

2016-04-16 08:27:54   京华时报

◎三公预算

国税总局同比降超1.5亿

记者发现,在我国厉行节约的大背景下,大量部门的三公支出都出现了下降。其中,国家税务总局2016年的三公预算同比减少了15107.63万元,降低了10.16%。其中公车费同比减少2114.99万元,降低1.94%;公务接待费同比减少12992.64万元,降低34.08%;因公出国费则持平。税务部门表示,这主要是按照中央八项规定要求,严格控制了三公经费支出。

不过,也有少数单位的三公费用出现了上涨。发改委公布的数据显示,其2016年“三公”经费财政拨款预算4396.88万元,比2015年预算数增加850万元,这主要是其因公出国(境)费2016年预算数比2015年预算数增加850万元。发改委方面解释,这是其相关工作职责和重点任务增加所致。推进“一带一路”建设工作领导小组办公室设在发改委,有关涉外任务持续增长;推进国际产能合作工作不断加强,赴外协商谈判任务大幅增加。

此外记者发现,今年中国社科院部门预算安排购置车辆3辆,全部是部级干部用车。

□观点建预算公开平台通过财政大数据强化监督

预算问题专家叶青在就这次预算公开接受京华时报记者采访时呼吁,应及早建立全国统一的预算公开平台,使公众能够随时通过这个“财政大数据”的平台来实现对预算和财政的监督。

京华时报:中央部门预算公开多年,但基本不会在网站上答疑或解读。公众担心,欠缺良性互动,这种外行不懂、内行看不到核心内容的专业性要求高的预算公开,是否存在沦为“鸡肋”的可能?

叶青:预算公开存在口径不一、层次不一、时间不一、力度不一等问题。时间一过,就没有人关心了。在网上也不易找到,一些问题也是年复一年地存在。建议在互联网时代,建立全国统一的预算公开平台,长久性地放在互联网上。在这个预算公开的网站与APP上,可以找到从中央部委到乡镇的预算。在互联网支持下,希望“财政大数据”能够形成。一旦时机成熟,在财政收支的大平台上,依靠互联网,能够随时看到“财政大数据”的采集、公布,而不仅仅是预算的公布。

京华时报:预算公开这些年确有一些“挤牙膏”式的个别进展,但未有实质性的重大突破。这是否可能与一些部门不愿将非规范性收支“乱象”一下子完全暴露在公众视野下有关?

叶青:预算公开5年多来,每年都有进步,但还是不尽人意。主要是项目之间的财政关系没有能够很好地体现出来,再就是大的项目细化不够,让大家不能一目了然。比如,“其他收入和支出”等,就是说不清、道不明的事情,引起了社会各界的诟病。最近在经济下行背景下,非税收入增加过快,也容易违背“经济决定财政”的基本规律。税收不够,非税收入补。这是值得各级财政机关、人大政协关注的大问题,否则在经济下行的压力之下,企业倒闭、民负加重就在所难免。

京华时报:今年全国两会上,全国人大常委会预算工委副主任刘修文透露,中央预算中包括党务部门的预算,部门预算都应当依法公开。不过记者发现,在中央部门预算公开时,公开的中央党务部门只是凤毛麟角。如何能够促使更多中央党务部门公开部门预、决算?

叶青:党务部门预算公开需要至少3年左右的等待。普通百姓可能更关心治安经费、反腐败经费,以及党务部门的经费预算等,如统战部、组织部等部门的预算,到底我国的统战成本是多少;这些部门的人均经费与政府机关的人均经费有什么区别;公车经费、招待费用、出国经费是多少等。但在反腐败力度加大的过程中,纪委办案经费增加是可以理解的,这也是社会净化的成本。

京华时报:同样在今年全国两会上,刘修文还表示,预算审计中屡审屡犯的问题一直存在。为解决预算审计中屡审屡犯的问题,包括预算编制、执行和审计,还要进行哪些改革?在审计风暴后,是否需要再刮起审计整改的风暴?

叶青:审计发现问题,在人大公布问题,是必要的,更重要的是“纠错”。正如法院审判容易、执行困难一样,审计也是纠正难。一方面,财政收支规模越来越大,审计任务越来越大,另一方面,审计出来的问题也容易一犯再犯。建议人大、政协、审计要提前介入,在预算的编制过程中,就要避免一些问题的再现。

本版采写京华时报记者赵鹏

责任编辑:丁勇 CN007
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