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神舟十号太空授课演练 飞控大厅曾突然数据中断

2016-04-15 11:30:59   解放军报

原标题:二十年仰望星空拼搏进取,北京航天飞行控制中心为托举中华民族“飞天梦”——

脚踏实地聚力创新

本报记者邹维荣通讯员姜宁祁登峰

创新者总是快人一步

“中国有可能在2020年发射火星探测器。”今年两会上,全国政协委员、嫦娥一号卫星系统总指挥兼总设计师叶培建院士接受本报记者采访时说。

火星探测项目是我国继载人航天工程、探月工程之后又一个重大太空探索项目。对此,北京航天飞行控制中心早已提前储备专业人才、组织技术预研,如今已拿出火星探测轨道精度计算的模型和初步方案。

“创新者总是快人一步。”该中心主任陈宏敏经历了载人航天历次任务,感触颇深:从“神五”到“神十”,从一人到多人,从一天到多天……看上去只是数字的变化,却意味着载人航天事业迈出了一大步。

该中心科研人员清醒认识到,在落后美国、俄罗斯几十年后搞载人航天,正视差距的同时,唯有自主创新,才能迎头赶上。在载人航天工程论证立项时,他们大胆提出跨过美俄从单舱到多舱的数十年历程,直接研制国际上第三代飞船,拿出了独具中国特色的三舱方案。

探月工程中,该中心通过建立月球三维地理信息图,研发遥操作平台,提前摸索探测器登陆月球后操作控制的适用技术,不仅为登陆月球背面做了充分的技术准备,而且为将来登陆火星甚至更远的地外天体,奠定了技术基础。

创新须敢为人先,亦步亦趋者永远不可能获得尖端创新成果。“在关键领域,如果我们一味地模仿、跟踪,就永远赶不上外国。”中心领导打了一个生动比喻,“模仿的最好成果也不过是外国花盆里的一朵花”。

从神舟一号到神舟十号,从嫦娥一号到落月探测,中心组建20年来,以一次次完美表现不断创造我国航天飞控新高度。他们创新运用多项新技术,使飞船定轨精度优于百米量级;3次交会对接任务,他们突破了远距离导引最优策略及轨道重构技术,再次刷新航天飞控的“中国精度”……

据统计,成立以来,该中心锐意创新,取得了“高精度轨道控制、交会对接控制、地月转移控制”等22项具有自主知识产权的关键技术。

在失败中寻找创新之门

任务成功不等于成熟,每一次任务的执行不是前一次任务的简单重复。这些年,该中心科研人员时刻面临无法预料的技术挑战。

1999年11月21日,神舟一号第15圈返回时控制参数注入失败。“那是负责返回控制的一组数据,情况紧急!”

科研人员闻令而动,商讨应急措施,抓住补注机会进行补救,确保首飞任务成功。但正是这次教训,让“严慎细实、精益求精”理念从此融入科研人员每一行软件代码、每一个飞控方案之中。

在失败中寻求创新,在失败中获得转机。

2013年6月17日,神舟十号太空授课演练,飞控大厅突然数据中断。此时,距正式太空授课只有最后3天。科研人员顶住巨大压力,两天两夜不眠不休查清了问题,成功保障太空授课的全球直播。

“没有现成经验可借鉴,没有资料供参考,哪怕是前人失败的教训都找不到!”嫦娥三号总体主任设计师席露华说,嫦娥三号是全新的挑战,处处“如履薄冰”。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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