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2015年美国人权纪录及2015年美国侵犯人权事记

2016-04-14 20:56:40   新华网

滥用酷刑践踏人权。美国参议院情报委员会公布的中情局虐囚报告指出,中情局使用的水刑、长期单独囚禁、将囚犯头部猛力撞墙和抽打乃至死亡威胁等审讯手段大大超出了法律所允许的范围。(注96)而根据有关嫌疑人的说法,美国的虐囚行为远远超出了报告所披露的内容。英国《卫报》网站2015年6月2日报道,曾被关押在关塔那摩监狱的囚犯马吉德·可汗说,审讯官将冰水倒在他的生殖器上,两次对其裸体进行录像,并不停地触摸他的“私处”;他的双脚和小腿都被放置于形如高筒靴的金属铐中,这种金属铐戳入他的肉中,使他的双腿难以动弹;狱警将他赤身裸体悬挂在木梁上长达三天,期间只提供少量饮用水而没有任何食物——他所遭受的这些酷刑都没有被写入参议院报告。(注97)2016年1月11日,包括联合国酷刑问题特别报告员门德斯、在反恐中促进和保护人权问题特别报告员埃默森、法官和律师独立性问题特别报告员平托、任意拘留问题工作组主席洪晟弼以及欧安组织民主机构与人权办公室主任林克在内的人权专家共同发表公开信,敦促美国政府尽早关闭关塔那摩监狱。关塔那摩监狱已经建立14年之久,截至2016年1月11日,仍有近100人在被任意拘留多年且未经审判的情况下被继续羁押。(注98)

对他国政要实施监听。英国广播公司网站2015年4月30日披露,美国国家安全局长期监听欧洲国家领导人。(注99)英国《独立报》2015年6月24日报道,美国先后对3位法国总统和其他政府高官进行了长期的电话监听,对此法国政府发言人表示“无法接受”。(注100)尽管受到来自盟国的批评,美国政府依然以国家安全为由决定对部分国家领导人实施监听。(注101)

美国口口声声标榜“人权”,以“人权卫士”自居,但时至今日,美国仍不批准《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》《儿童权利公约》《残疾人权利公约》等联合国核心人权公约。美国是当今世界唯一没有批准《儿童权利公约》的国家。对于国际人权事务,美国也经常采取不合作态度。对于联合国人权理事会特别机制以及联合国人权事务高级专员等对美国人权状况提出的批评,美国政府经常予以拖延或置若罔闻。2015年9月28日联合国人权理事会通过有关发展权的决议时,美国一如既往地投了反对票。(注102)

(注90)空中战争跟踪组织网站(airwars.org),2015年月日。

(注91)英国《独立报》网站(www.independent.co.uk),2015年12月7日。

(注92) Sputnik news网站(sputniknews.com),2015年12月12日;美国广播公司新闻网站(abcnews.go.com),2015年10月5日。

(注93)英国《每日邮报》网站(www.dailymail.co.uk),2015年10月15日。

(注94)《华盛顿邮报》网站(www.washingtonpost.com),2015年4月24日。

(注95)《华盛顿邮报》网站(www.washingtonpost.com),2015年3月20日。

(注96)美国参议院情报委员会报告,见www.intelligence.senate.gov。

(注97)英国《卫报》网站(www.theguardian.com),2015年6月2日。

(注98)联合国新闻网(www.un.org),2016年1月11日。

(注99)英国广播公司网站(www.bbc.com),2015年4月30日。

(注100)英国《独立报》网站(www.independent.co.uk),2015年6月24日。

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