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中国2015年土地出让收入3.4万亿 同比下降21.6%

2016-04-05 14:21:43   财政部综合司

原标题:2015年全国土地出让收支情况

2016年4月5日来源:综合司

2015年,我国供给侧结构性改革加快推进,固定资产投资特别是房地产投资增速大幅回落,经济增速放缓,土地市场需求不足,全国土地出让收支规模出现“双降”。

一、2015年全国土地出让收入情况

2015年,全国缴入国库的土地出让收入33657.73亿元,同比下降21.6%。其中,招拍挂和协议出让价款29820.20亿元,下降22.4%;补缴的土地价款1455.18亿元,下降23.0%;划拨土地收入1103.57 亿元,增长17.8%;出租土地等其他收入1278.78 亿元,下降24.4%。当年,从土地出让收益中计提的教育资金、农田水利建设资金分别为436.69 亿元和423.51亿元,同比下降33.4%和35.6%。

(一)土地出让收入呈现的主要特征。

1、前三季度持续下降,第四季度止跌回升。具体来看,前三季度分别下降34.6%、37.9%、26.0%,第4季度止跌回升,增长9.5%,原因是从一季度开始,面对“三期叠加”的局面,积极财政政策注重加力增效,稳健货币政策注重松紧适度,中央和地方陆续出台稳定房地产发展政策,促使下半年房地产市场需求逐步释放,商品房销售面积增速由负转正,带动第4季度用地需求回暖。

2、个别地区逆势上扬,大多数省份降幅明显。分区域看,东部地区18797.99亿元,下降23.6%,占55.8%;中部地区8672.40亿元,下降17.3%,占25.8%;西部地区6187.34亿元,下降21.2%,占18.4%。分地区看,除深圳(36.9%)、西藏(1.8%)、厦门(1.2%)、甘肃(0.2%)4个地区同比增长外,其他32个地区均出现不同程度下降。其中,大连(-56.4%)、宁波(-54.1%)、内蒙(-51.8%)3个地区降幅超过50%。深圳市土地出让收入增长较快,主要是该市经济增长强劲,房地产市场交易火爆,土地资源相对稀缺,地价持续偏高所致。

(二)土地出让收入减少的主要原因。

1、土地市场需求不足。随着我国经济进入新常态,受经济增速放缓等因素影响,土地市场需求呈现不足状态。2015年,全国国有建设用地实际供应量为53.36万公顷,同比下降12.5%。其中,工矿仓储用地供应12.48万公顷,下降15.2%;房地产用地供应11.98万公顷,下降20.9%;基础设施等其他用地供应28.90万公顷,下降7.1%。

2、用地结构发生变化。配合供给侧结构性改革,2015年国家在国有建设用地供应上实施差别化供地政策。分类型看,工矿仓储用地、房地产用地和基础设施等其他用地分别占土地供应总量的23.4%、22.4%和54.2%,三类用地占比分别较上年下降0.8个、2.4个和提升3.2个百分点。由于基础设施用地价格较低,而房地产用地和工矿仓储用地价格较高,因此,当年用地类型结构的改变对于土地出让收入减收影响较大。分区域看,东、中、西部地区用地分别占供地总量的33.5%、27.3%和39.2%,与上年相比分别减少0.6个、1.0个和提升1.6个百分点,由于东、中部地价高于西部,因此,地区间用地结构改变也对土地出让收入减收产生了一定影响。

3、出让面积继续萎缩。在房地产高库存压力下,房地产开发企业对购置土地更加谨慎。2015年,全国土地出让面积22.14万公顷,同比下降18.6%,与上年相比下滑3.1个百分点。其中,商服用地和住宅用地分别下降24.7%和19.1%。全年土地出让合同成交价款2.98万亿元,同比下降10.6%。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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