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2015年中国"最具幸福感职业"出炉 自由职业者居首

2016-04-03 12:46:28   华西都市报

在2014年的榜单上,自由职业者排在政府官员、高管、教师之后,位列第四;在2013年的榜单上,自由职业者排在教师、政府官员、高管、艺术工作者、普通公务员之后,位列第六;在2012年的榜单上,自由职业者排在普通公务员、政府官员、教师、艺术家、高管之后,同样位列第六。

近几年前三名对比表

2012年

1、普通公务员

2、政府官员

3、教师

2013年

1、教师

2、政府官员

3、高管

2014年

1、政府官员

2、高管

3、教师

2015年

1、自由职业者

2、教师

3、政府官员

听听专家怎么说

职业幸福感变化因大环境变了

东南大学人文学院社会学系张晶晶老师认为,自由职业者幸福感指数上升,总体上是个好的现象,有其积极的一面。这说明社会大众开始转变“万般皆下品惟有读书高”的观念,传统中把职业划分三六九等的现象在逐渐淡化,只要是自立、独立,能养活自己的职业都能慢慢被认可。

调查数据显示,自由职业者幸福感指数首次超过了公务员、教师等传统意义上的稳定职业。张晶晶老师分析,出现这样的变化首先是受到大背景的影响。大家原本以为很稳定的职业没有过去那么稳定了。“即便是公务员、事业单位等,也开始探索市场化,职业压力高于过往。”在这一背景下,从业者与过去相比,工作压力增加,满意度和幸福感自然下降了。其次,传统观念中的稳定职业其求职成本也比较高,比如公务员、教师,其学历和学习背景要求高,求职的成本也高,“获得这样一份稳定工作后,从业者会想到求职时投入的经济和精力成本,反思投入与产出的合理性,可能会有一定不平衡感,降低幸福指数。”而自由职业者和公务员不一样,投入和产出不会有强烈的不平衡感。第三,从事自由职业者的人往往带有倾向的,“愿意选择自由职业者的人,性格上会偏好自由,喜欢轻松的人际关系。”当他在工作中得到自由、轻松的同时,收入还不低,幸福感自然会提高。

年轻人选择职业前一定要有规划

张晶晶认为,职业的满意度和幸福感调查是个主观调查,调查的数据和内容有其主观性。只是从调查角度切入“窥探”某个行业的从业者的工作状态,“对求职的年轻人来说,参考价值不高。”也不排除一种情况,在随机调查中。有自由职业者担心,别人对其从事的职业有偏见,有意隐瞒了相对负面的数据。

“任何一个职业选择的前提是规划,年轻人不管如何选择,要想到未来5到10年的理想。”选择职业时,要考虑未来的人生会变成什么样子,“现在做得这份工作与长远理想职业有多大契合度,在过程中,找个可以融合的点。”实际上,求职者很难找到百分百满意的工作。“百分百让你幸福的工作很少,总体上说,从长远规划的角度找个平衡点。”

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