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新华社:城市风道建设是否产生新一轮大拆大建?

2016-03-31 08:23:45   新华网

专家表示,尽管城市风道建设无法在短时间内完成,但这一问题应从长远出发,着眼于未来,将其纳入顶层设计,成为治污减霾的中长期措施。风道建设不是一时一地的问题,还应加强区域协调,实现整体统筹布局。

风道该建在哪?

专家表示,理想的城市风道最好能结合城市中的天然廊道或自然要素,如江河湖泊、沟渠绿带等进行规划布置,多种类型开敞空间的整合,有利于形成足够空间宽度的城市风道。有些老城区由于大量高楼挡住风道,但也无法立刻拆除,只能在未来的规划中,尽量留出风道。

风道该怎么建?

“风廊具体量化标准的制定十分复杂,将综合考虑避灾、景观、生态、游憩、排污、降噪以及空气流动等多方面因素。”北京市城市规划设计研究院规划研究室副主任何永说,对于大城市而言,重新规划开敞的空间已不具备条件,因此应该尽量利用现在通风潜力较大的区域,并将其连续和贯通。

上海市曾公开发文表示,在新的城镇规划中,通风廊道设计要尽可能长和宽,同时要控制主要风道两侧建筑物的密度和高度。城市建筑布局要适应城市的冬夏季盛行风向和海陆风环流特点,建筑高度从内陆向沿江、沿海逐渐减低。

中国城市规划设计研究院副院长王凯认为,城市大气环境的改善十分复杂,空气流动状况随高度变化,各区域还会有很多小的气流涡旋,都会直接影响通风廊道的效果。这些年北京进行了大量高密度高层建筑开发,未来不仅要降低开发强度,还要配合加强绿地、水面的恢复建设。

建风道,关键在哪里?

浙江工业大学工程设计集团有限公司城市规划设计研究院副院长徐旭辉表示,对于已建成区域,可以针对微环境进行改造,比如屋顶绿化,利用好山谷风等。更重要的是对未建成区域进行提前规划,营造宜居的生活环境,不要让环境无节制恶化。

“城市风道的建设还应统筹、配合城市其他规划,包括城市工业区、商业区、居民区的布局,城市建筑高度的选择和空间分布等。即城市风道的建设是城市规划中的一部分,不应独立出来,应该综合提高城市自净化能力。”赵传峰说。

此外,鉴于城市间的联动性,建议城市风道的建设放在一个较大区域,如京津冀区域或者全国层面统筹考虑,尽量减少作为独立系统考虑,避免潜在的成本扩大化和效果抵消化。(记者刘书云、李华、姜辰蓉、孔祥鑫、商意盈)

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