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专家释疑山东问题疫苗案:最大风险是疫苗失效

2016-03-23 07:28:27   新京报

值得注意的是,案件中的疫苗属于二类疫苗,儿童普遍接种的一类疫苗是没有涉及的。因此,此次涉案的疫苗并不属于必须接种的类别之中。

2 “问题疫苗”最坏结果是啥?

据济南警方介绍,这些疫苗是正规疫苗生产厂家生产的,但其未按规定进行冷链存储和运输,部分属于临期疫苗,流通过程中存在过期、变质的风险。

北京大学医学部免疫学系副主任王月丹表示,过期或者失效疫苗不能完全等同于“毒疫苗”。

他表示,只要是正规疫苗,如果未冷藏或过期,人接种之后直接致命的可能性较小。此次的“问题疫苗”的最大风险是失效,即人接种后没有产生免疫。但是,对于狂犬病等致命传染病,接种无效疫苗后无法防止感染,一旦感染就会危及生命。

某医院预防接种门诊医生表示,这批问题疫苗最大的问题是“可能无效”,也就是不能为接种者建立没有有效的免疫屏障。

如果一定范围内接种这些失活的疫苗的人群比较大,那么在这一范围没有相对应疾病的免疫保护屏障,一旦有个体发病,可能造成暴发流行。

比如涉案的水痘疫苗是活疫苗,无冷链保护易失活,接种后不产生免疫保护。如一个区域均接种了这种失活疫苗就可能水痘流行。

3 打了“问题疫苗”怎么办?

21日,山东省食品药品监督管理局公布了此次12种非法疫苗的名单。

王月丹建议如果近期接种了名单中的疫苗的群众去医院检查一下免疫的效果。如果没有产生免疫,可以补种疫苗。

王月丹认为,第二种风险就是大家普遍担心接种这批疫苗会不会有不良反应。由于保存不当导致疫苗抗原性改变后,会不会导致不良反应的增加?这在理论上是有可能的,但是没有实验数据。他认为,出现这个可能性是非常罕见的。

4 流通环节哪里出了问题?

北京大学医学部免疫学系副主任王月丹表示,我国在2005年6月份开始实施《疫苗流通和预防接种管理条例》。在疫苗的流通和管理上我国有法规可依的,但是具体到操作的环节有一些漏洞。

他说首先疫苗不能随意出售给个人,这方面的执法力度上肯定会加强。当然在条例的规定上会不会调整,暂时还不清楚。他认为,可能会出现一些细则。

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