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王毅在美智库演讲 谈朝核、南海等问题(全文)

2016-02-26 13:47:00   外交部网站

第二项使命,是中国外交要坚定维护二战胜利以后形成的国际秩序和国际体系。我们绝不会“另搞一套”。因为中国是当年在联合国宪章上第一个签字的国家,我们用3500万人伤亡代价换来了这个世界的和平。

我们首先要坚定维护以联合国为核心的当代国际体系,以及以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为代表的国际关系基本准则。我们认为,当今世界之所以乱象频生,很重要的一个背景是联合国宪章的宗旨和原则没有得到充分贯彻,不干涉内政、和平解决争端等重要理念被抛到一边。所以中国外交一个重要的任务就是通过我们的身体力行,通过外交行动,真正把宪章的宗旨和原则贯彻到国与国交往和具体实践当中。这是中国应该发挥的国际作用。

我们还需要维护自由开放的世界贸易体系,中国依靠开放得到了快速发展,我们正在并希望与世界各国一起来建立开放的经济体系,我们反对一切形式的贸易保护主义。面对现在世界各地不断出现的各种区域或次区域自贸安排,我们不希望它们碎片化发展。不管什么样的自贸安排,包括TPP也好、RCEP也好,都应该成为通向更广泛的自由贸易体制的路径。这一点实际上已经在前年北京APEC会议中作出明确宣示,美国、中国以及所有APEC成员国都做出了承诺。我们不仅要维护一个自由开放的贸易体制,我们还希望把它延伸至投资领域。大家知道,迄今为止,世界上还没有统一的投资规则。今年9月在杭州召开的G20峰会,作为东道主,我们希望与G20的成员们共同讨论,如何来形成一个大家都遵守的、开放的全球投资规则,这不可能一蹴而就,但我们希望启动这一进程。

此外,我们还希望不断完善当今的国际经济金融治理机制。中国已经深入参与了现有国际经济和金融机制。比如延宕5年的IMF改革方案,去年底美国国会终于通过了。中国在IMF的份额和投票权都有了明显增加。今年初,中国还成为欧洲复兴开发银行成员。我们将继续在现有的国际经济金融体制中发挥应有的作用。同时,我们倡议成立了亚投行(AIIB),一开始有些国家对此有疑虑,甚至怀疑中国是不是要搞亚洲版的“门罗主义”。但现在情况已经清楚,中国从一开始就敞开臂膀,欢迎全世界的国家加入,而不仅仅局限在中国所在地区。目前,57个创始成员国一半以上是亚洲以外的国家。除了美国、日本以外的发达国家几乎都参加进来,我们都持非常欢迎的态度。现在还有将近40个国家在排队等待加入。我们将与各成员国一道,将AIIB打造成具有国际标准、专业化的,同时又没有那么多官僚主义,能够填补亚洲基础设施建设融资瓶颈的多边金融机构。它将是对现存的国际金融机制的补充,绝不是要另起炉灶。

中国外交的第三项使命,就是要更加积极有为地为中国自身的发展服务。当前最重要的工作就是同各国一道推进“一带一路”建设。我们所在的欧亚大陆,几百年来充满了刀与剑、血与火,战争战乱不断。现在亚欧大陆国家最大的公约数就是要发展,要加速工业化进程,提高自主发展能力。而中国恰恰可以向这些国家提供所需的先进装备、成熟技术以及管理、融资、人才培训。总之,这完全是一个优势互补、经济合作、互利共赢的倡议,它会为中国和参与“一带一路”的国家开创新的发展前景,开拓新的合作领域。不仅对中国、对所有国家都有利。目前,已有70多个国家支持并愿参与“一带一路”建设。

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