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人民日报六问小区拆围墙:谁有权做?安全吗?

2016-02-23 19:26:09   中国新闻网

2、打开小区违反《物权法》?

既然打开小区是为了解决城市病,让城市更加宜居,那么问题来了,谁有权打开小区?毕竟,小区是否打开涉及到业主的利益,在《物权法》已经出台的背景下,业主的权益如何得到尊重?北京市房协秘书长陈志认为,对于已有小区是否开放,应该充分尊重小区土地的使用权人——业主的权利。

陈志说,一个小区使用的土地,无论是小区内建设道路、绿地,还是建设住宅楼的土地,都先是开发商从政府手中获得使用权,建设完成后出售给业主,而小区使用的土地也被划分到每个购房的业主“头上”。同时,《物权法》中规定,小区道路如果没有明确规定属于市政道路的,产权属于全体业主。因此,对于已有的小区来说,是否开放,应该由业主共同决定。

北京大学法学院房地产法研究中心主任楼建波说,意见中提到的已建成的住宅小区和单位大院要逐步打开,用了“逐步”一词。他认为可以选择住宅小区土地使用权70年到期时再变更,或小区住宅楼已经无法居住需重建时再变更。

中国政法大学教授王卫国认为,政府的出发点是好的,但推行时应尊重大家意愿和需求。王卫国表示,小区道路如果没有明确规定属于市政道路的,从产权来讲属于小区业主,按照物权法的规定,住宅小区的土地使用权是属于小区内部业主的共有,这些道路不只有通行功能,还有小区业主停车等其他很多功能。此外,完全打开也涉及安全和民众观念等问题,政府不能强行推行,要尊重《物权法》。

从专家的观点来看,在依法治国的背景下,要打开已建成小区需要充分尊重业主的权利,在充分协商的背景之下,才能逐步打开,这应该是大概率事件。

最高人民法院民一庭庭长程新文23日上午在回答“拆小区围墙是否违背物权法”的提问时表示,目前,党中央、国务院提出的这一《意见》属于党和国家政策层面的问题,涉及包括业主在内有关主体的权益保障,还有一个通过立法实现法治化的过程。这也就是说,具体如何执行还需要通过立法来落实。

3、开放使用小区道路如何补偿?

如果业主同意打开小区,将小区道路变为公共道路,会有补偿吗?中国政法大学教授王卫国认为,从法律上讲,政府要协商推进,比如与小区业主大会进行必要协商,还要进行补偿。

同时,要区别对待,不能一刀切,“在一些地方道路非常稀缺的情况下,要与小区业主等各方进行协调;对于有些小区根本不存在这方面的需求,围墙打开对于缓解交通没有实质性的意义,反而增加了安全隐患,就应保证小区内道路的生活功能,以及业主宁静和安全的需求”。

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