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媒体:香港基建工程因政治纷争遇阻

2016-02-15 08:00:41   环球网

另一个严重超支的“大白象”,是同样被列为香港“十大基建”的西九文化区。首批项目原定最早于去年年内落成,如今则全数延迟至2016至2018年才可完工,造价同样由原定的216亿元上升至最新估计的471亿元。其他如莲塘口岸等工程,由162亿港元升至249亿元,超支达54%。

香港大学原房地产及建设系助理教授姚松炎去年底撰文总结说,香港特大基建工程相继超支,净计其中7项工程(港珠澳大桥、高铁、沙中线、西九文化区、湾仔绕道、莲塘口岸、机场第三跑道),造价由原来的3000多亿元上升至接近5000亿元,平均超支率57%。而且7项工程尚未完工,或有更高超支率及其他风险,可能是无底深潭。

背后原因很复杂

香港接二连三出现大型工程“遇阻”,让记者想起香港回归前兴建赤鱲角机场的“玫瑰园计划”。上世纪80年代末,港人对1997年将回归祖国的前景有所忧虑,甚至出现“移民潮”。港英当局为稳定民心,1989年由时任港督卫奕信在施政报告中提出“香港机场核心计划”,坊间称这项规模前所未有的基建计划为“玫瑰园计划”。

这项工程以位于赤鱲角的新机场为核心,辅以多项运输及城市发展的相关建设,共十项核心工程,包括机场快线、青马大桥、西区海底隧道、三号干线、中区填海计划等。在规划和实行过程中,该工程在社会上遇到极大争议。单是赤鱲角新机场和西九龙的发展,便涉及近1300公顷的填海工程;其他核心工程项目对环境和不同地区的居民,也曾造成不同程度的影响。但最后,香港社会权衡轻重后,都赞成为了香港的长远发展,“玫瑰园计划”有其必要。最后,中英两国就兴建新香港国际机场问题于1991年达成谅解,工程启动。新机场最终在1998年启用。整个计划建筑工程历时8年,耗资1553亿港元。

不少人认为,当年的“玫瑰园计划”给香港带来了无限商机。要是没有该工程,今天香港的发展水平一定会大打折扣。那么,为何近年许多基建工程频遇阻力呢?

香港工程师学会前会长朱沛坤曾表示,超支及延误的主要原因是多项大型基建同时上马,令工人及建材等成本大升,业界人手难以应付。他说,上届特区政府经历经济低潮,期望以基建带动经济,结果政府高估了业内承受能力。

事情并非这么简单。香港“am730”刊文称,在港英年代,地铁工程一样会超支,但当年市民并不会太上心,因为超支不必动用公款,而是由地铁公司自行承担。地铁公司之所以愿意包底,是因为政府把地铁沿线的地产发展权也一起让公司包了。文章写道,香港回归以来,公共工程超支的情况似乎比港英年代严重,原因是政府的定位已变,社会要求政府更加问责,不容政府把公共工程与地产发展项目混在一起招标,以免造就地产霸权,推高楼价,最终令小市民受苦。

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