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瑞典批中国让瑞籍嫌犯"上电视悔罪":有碍司法公正

2016-01-27 07:42:53   

单仁平:所谓“电视悔罪”的来龙去脉

因涉嫌资助危害中国国家安全犯罪活动而受到监视居住的瑞典人彼得·达林25日被中国政府驱逐出境。瑞典外交部和驻华使馆25日就彼得以及另一名瑞典籍嫌犯桂敏海在中国被关押表达不满,并且批评中方让他们“上电视悔罪”,认为审判之前这样做有碍司法公正。

关于“电视悔罪”,国内舆论也有一些争议,说法与外部舆论差不多,都是认为这属于在审判之前给犯罪嫌疑人“定罪”。还有人认为这同“游街”相似,是对嫌犯人权的“侵犯”。

“电视悔罪”留给公众印象比较深刻的第一例大概是2013年9月的一网络大V嫖娼案。在那之前,互联网舆论场上提得最多的是公安抓人后“信息不公开”,遇有公众人物出事,“失踪说”最为激烈。嫌犯的支持者往往用“秘密抓捕”的标签指责当局,带动了舆论压力。

该大V刚被抓时,他的支持者怀疑他“被嫖娼”,是“被陷害了”。或许是那些舆论压力起了作用,官方将他承认自己嫖娼的录像通过电视台播放出来,至少增加了有关该案的信息量,让他自己说出了什么事,回应了一些人对“信息不公开”的指责。

那次的“电视悔罪”一出来,引起了“不尊重人权”“电视定罪”的另一番指责,当时的效果是有争议的。但是过了一段时间后回头看,该大V嫖娼的事实受到普遍认同,认为他“冤枉”的声音逐渐散去。此外他的案例广为传播,产生了延伸的效果。

在此之后,嫌犯“上电视”的情况多了起来,有关“封锁信息”的指责少了,但“电视定罪”的批评越来越多。客观而言,嫌犯上不上电视,怎么上,什么时间上,这里是有根据法律、公众态度和实际效果不断调整的空间的。他们上电视本来就是这几年的“新鲜事”,大概不存在这种做法必须“长期坚持”的动因。

然而这里还有一个问题,就是如果一些人对当局依法拘捕有特定价值观的嫌犯根本就不接受,从根上就认为这是“迫害”,那么无论司法机关怎么做,以什么样的方式释放信息,以及释放多少信息,他们总会不满意,而且必定能挑出一堆“毛病”。

中国的法治建设仍在路上,细节的严格依法依规是坚定不移的努力方向。但这不意味着每一个具体案件都会在放大镜之下也能做到完美无缺。一些具体争议并不涉及案情进展大的是非和方向,但它们常会被一些人拎出来上纲上线,当成把司法案件政治化的噱头。这恐怕才是问题的实质。

中国的司法实践毫无疑问越来越严谨,现在舆论场的争议很大一部分是一些人从价值观和政治角度驱动的。所涉案件的嫌犯大多是抱有同一类价值观和政治态度的人,而且西方舆论对这类争议的参与度相当高。

事实是,所谓“电视悔罪”是舆论的事,法院审理案件根本不会以那些嫌犯在电视上说了什么为依据,而且嫌犯自己认罪和法律定罪本就不是一回事,而法院的这一坚定原则也被一些舆论活跃人士故意忽略了。(作者是环球时报评论员)

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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