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马应龙药业止咳糖浆被曝含吗啡 或致人上瘾

2016-01-25 20:07:30   法制晚报

“从目前情况来说,我们已经联系了该药品在美国的代理商,他们表示对此事并不知情。”他说,“我们已经让代理商通知分销商以及零售商,告知购买过此药品的顾客并予以退货、退款处理。而剩余的库存则进行封存处理,由代理商进行安排并且将这批药品退回中国生产商处。”

根据公告,该糖浆由中国马应龙药业集团股份有限公司制造,通过一家加州波莫纳的公司在美国分销。该糖浆可以在线购买,也可在零售店里买到。FDA说,分销商表示将召回该止咳糖浆。

公告称,健康护理专家和消费者应向“FDA安全信息及不良反应报告项目”报告该止咳糖浆引发的不良反应。

专家解读

中枢性止咳药应慎用

不适合长期或大量使用

美国儿科学会药品委员会主席丹尼尔·弗雷特雷利告诉法制晚报(微信ID:fzwb_52165216)记者,现在全球多种止咳药中,中枢性止咳药因为其强大的作用和迅速起效的治疗效率,深受很多患者喜爱,但是其中的主要成分就是吗啡、可待因类等,其直接作用于中枢神经系统的咳嗽中枢。这样的止咳药有成瘾性,应该慎用,不适合长期或大量使用。

“它的作用机理非常简单,就像是网上说的一样。”弗雷特雷利告诉记者,“吗啡具有镇痛、镇静、呼吸抑制和止咳作用,可使消化道、胆道、输尿管和支气管平滑肌张力增高;促使内源性组胺释放,而导致周围血管扩张,血压下降和颅内压升高。”

他告诉记者,吗啡基本上对各种疼痛都有效,另外,镇静作用明显并能消除由疼痛所引起的焦虑、紧张、恐惧等情绪反应,因而显著提高患者对疼痛的耐受力。随着疼痛的缓解以及对情绪的影响,可出现欣快症(心情愉快,高兴异常,无忧无虑。对任何事情都漠不关心,满不在乎,几乎失去注意力,往往与痴呆同时出现),而如外界安静,则可使患者入睡。

“作为一种能让人上瘾的物质,连续服用吗啡2周以上,就可变成吗啡患者,甚至连服数日便会成瘾。”弗雷特雷利告诉记者,吗啡很容易导致人头晕、头疼、恶心、出汗,甚至导致呼吸抑制。吗啡中毒很明显的几个症状,就包括患者出现昏厥、昏睡的状态,浑身出汗、瞳孔缩小并且呼吸变得很慢。所以说,呼吸中枢麻痹是吗啡中毒的直接致死原因。

服用禁忌

孕妇等人群禁服用6岁以下儿童不能服用类似药物

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