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媒体:农行39亿“票据变报纸” 这水有多深?

2016-01-25 09:42:11   第一财经日报

与入库前验票封存过程中被调换和入库后被盗出相比,上门取票封包受监控较少,如果票据交易员为了做手脚,可能避开票据在本行入库,提出携一名会计人员上门取票,年轻的会计人员受到利诱或工作疏忽被利用,最终封包带回一包报纸。这是可能性较大的一种情况。

不过,上述猜测是建立在上门取票封包不拆开看的基础上的。刘总告诉记者,封包和入库是两个环节的两种风控程序。如果前面一道双人复核制度没有约束到位,被两个人串通好了,一旦封包后,后面一道程序就是进入库房,库房的人确实不知道封包里的东西是什么。每天省分行都有很多封包要入库,让库房的人挨个去查并不现实,目前银行也都不是这么做的。

本报记者了解到,对于上门取票封包的管理环节,各个商业银行并不一致。“封包是指交易双方共同签字,保证正回购方在到期领回票据时仍然原封不动,逆回购方会计携带封包回行入库,一般不拆包。”有业内人士称。

但还有银行人士表示,自家银行要求拆包。由于该银行一般不允许上门取票,如果做延迟入库,回来的封包环节,必须在摄像头下和保管岗一起拆开检查,没有问题后再由票据部经办人和保管岗封包。

票据掮客怎么玩?

即便本该保管在保险柜中的票据被成功取出,到了票据中介手中,但为何另一家银行可以与票据中介做两家银行才可以做的回购贴现交易?刘总表示,这里似乎有“同业户”的影子,也是银行大案频发、资金外流的一个病根。

银行票据交易中的同业账户,业内称之为“同业户”。当市场上的票据掮客潜入,通过某种形式实际控制了利益链中部分银行的“同业户”后,银行体系的资金就流进了掮客们的“包装户”。

有多年票据行业从业经验的小周对《第一财经日报》记者表示,他凭借在市场上多年练就的身手和资源,一能控制几个银行的“同业户”,玩转票据期限错配;二能在票据交易中无成本滚动占有多笔利息,从而形成资金沉淀并用来放息或投资;三能靠他掌握的业务模式“无中生有”从银行套出钱来;四能靠票据期限错配再赚出差价来;五能把市面上所有原本大行不能合规持有的票据,都通过小银行当通道过桥来“洗白”。

据记者了解,银行一向都有腾挪表内外规模的需求,这几年也越来越强调票据自营,做大交易而非持票到底。但银行固然能够直接联系同业,一些票据业务活跃的股份制银行也居间做期限错配买卖角色。但相比银行,掮客们的业务正是因为不规范而更高效:他们能按合作银行的要求去市场上收票、买断票据,打包成资产包;他们能为了“掩护”合作银行的同业部门走通合规流程而先行找城商行或村镇银行作为通道银行贴现,然后甩给通道银行1~2个基点了事;他们还能简化交易过程,票据交易多半离柜办理,掮客还能自行完成背书。

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