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0度线将南压至华南 寒潮来袭如何防御?

2016-01-22 10:07:38   央广网

寒潮对电力的影响及防御

寒潮防御提示四:寒潮对电力的影响及防御

一般在初冬或冬末初春季节,寒潮降温天气产生的云中过冷却液态降水碰到地面物体后会直接冻结成冰,形成雨凇。冬春季我们经常可以看到电线、树枝上被一层晶莹的冰雪包裹或悬挂,这就是雨凇。有人将雨凇等同于冻雨,其实雨凇和冻雨形成的物理机制和结果确实是相同的,但仍有一定区别。冻雨是一种天气现象,而雨凇是冻雨的结果,是一种灾害或景观。

寒潮引发的冻雨天气会造成使电线上积满雨凇,雨凇最大的危害是使供电线路中断,高压线高高的钢塔在下雪天时,可以会承受2-3倍的重量,但是如果有雨凇的话,可能会承受10-20倍的电线重量,电线或树枝上出现雨凇时,电线结冰后,遇冷收缩,加上风吹引起的震荡和雨凇重量的影响,能使电线和电话线不胜重荷而被压断,几公里以致几十公里的电线杆成排倾倒,造成输电、通讯中断,严重影响当地的工农业生产。历史上许多城市出现过高压线路因为雨凇而成排倒塌的情况。

其次对电力设备影响还有寒潮带来的大风天气,在大风天气来临时,应防止“风闪”和“污闪”造成的电线短路,建筑工地和高架作业区的人们适当调整工期保证安全是电力和建筑行业面临冷空气考验必须采取的应对措施。

另外寒潮来袭,还会加重电力部门的负荷,根据电力部门常年的经验,天越冷,电网负荷就会越大,并且增长幅度每年递增。因此,为安全、稳定地提供电力服务,北京市电力公司早在冬季到来之前,就针对全市供暖相关单位的办公地点、各供热点、锅炉房等场所的电器设备和供电线路进行了专项检查,并与用电客户建立了应急联系机制,确保不因电力供应影响供暖供电。此外,针对电采暖居民对供电安全性、可靠性的较高要求,电力部门将减少设备计划性停电次数与时段,积极采取带电作业等技术措施,尽最大可能不安排电采暖地区设备停电。

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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