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0度线将南压至华南 寒潮来袭如何防御?

2016-01-22 10:07:38   央广网

(二)寒潮天气猛降温易诱发关节痛

关节痛是典型的气象病。每当季节发生变化或气象要素剧烈变化之时,患者往往会感到异常疼痛。急性发作时关节局部红肿,有痛、热、无力、运动障碍等感觉。研究表明,大气中的三大基本矛盾,即干与湿、冷与热、气压高与低和关节痛发作的关系最明显。当日变温在3度以上、逐日气压变化在10百帕以上、逐日相对湿度变化大于10%时,关节痛病人就会多起来。

(三)“寒潮”易诱发心血管病

心血管病患者对寒潮最为敏感。美国海洋和大气局发布的《天气和健康》就曾指出,每当寒潮来临,在气温由高变低、风力由小变大的转换期内,心脏疾病发作频繁,危重病人常常在凄风苦雨中与世长辞。我国医务工作者在医疗实践中也发现,约77%的心肌梗塞患者和54%的冠心病患者在寒潮天气下病情加重。这是由于寒冷的刺激,使人体血管突然收缩,动脉平均压力升高,心肌需氧指数也相应增高,心肌缺氧现象加重,心血管病的发病率和死亡率便明显升高。

为了预防和减轻寒潮对心血管病的不利影响,患者平时要注意加强耐寒锻炼,增强体质,改善心脏功能,提高机体免疫力。同时也要时时掌握气象信息,当有寒潮天气出现时,要及时增加衣被,避免受凉。

寒潮对交通的影响及防御

寒潮防御提示二:寒潮对交通的影响及防御

寒潮伴随的大风、雨雪和降温天气会造成大风、低能见度、地面结冰和路面积雪等现象,对公路、铁路交通和海上作业安全带来较大的威胁,严重影响人们的生产生活。如2003年12月7日,受一股强冷空气的影响,北京下了一场小雪,随后造成路面结冰,当晚北京整个城区交通瘫痪,机动车完全拥堵在车道上,寸步难行,众多乘客误了飞机和火车。

(一)大风对交通影响

大风可使火车出轨以至颠覆。我国大风吹翻列车的事,在新疆多处发生。兰新铁路在哈密附近要通过“百里风区”,在天山达坂城一带要通过“三十里风区”。自1961年至1982年,大风吹翻列车达10次之多。每逢大风季节,列车常不能正点运行。

大风对民航的影响也十分显著,寒潮冷空气所到之处,平均风速一般在15m/s以上,阵风25m/s以上,并且持续时间长,大风使起飞和着陆的飞机易发生轮胎破裂和起落架折断等事故。

(二)雨凇对航空影响

雨凇也会威胁飞机的飞行安全,飞机在有过冷水滴的云层中飞行时,机翼、螺旋桨会积水,影响飞机空气动力性能造成失事。

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