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农行北京分行爆发票据窝案 38亿无法兑付

2016-01-22 08:47:32   财新网

【财新网】(记者张宇哲)票据市场近日掀起轩然大波。

财新记者从多个渠道获悉,中国农业银行北京分行(下称农行北分)2名员工已被立案调查,原因是涉嫌非法套取38亿元票据,同时利用非法套取的票据进行回购资金,且未建立台账,回购款其中相当部分资金违规流入股市,而由于股价下跌,出现巨额资金缺口无法兑付。由于涉及金额巨大,公安部和银监会已将该案件上报国务院。

据了解,这2名员工都比较年轻,一名为入行五年的投行票据业务部姚姓员工,年仅32岁,背景深厚;另一位是新员工,入行时间不久。据农行内部人士透露,农行北分人员背景复杂,员工中不乏高层领导亲属。

据了解,案件的大致脉络是,农行北分与某银行进行一笔银行承兑汇票转贴现业务,在回购到期前,银本票应存放在农行北分的保险柜里,不得转出。但实际情况是,银本票在回购到期前,就被某重庆票据中介提前取出,与另外一家银行进行了回购贴现交易,而资金并未回到农行北分的账上,而是非法进入了股市。“农行北分保险柜中原来封包入库保存的票据则被换成报纸。”一位接近农行北分的人士对此证实。

据一位银行资深人士分析,“提前取票,说明是银行卖出;到期未划款,则是没有同步,属于出现划账空窗,;可能是票据中介将银行承兑票据卖给农行,同时有回购的抽屉协议,到期未履行回购,造成坏帐。”

按照规定,票据业务按约定封包入库,据经办方不能负责保管。

承兑汇票的期限最长是半年。某银行人士介绍,在去年6月底的股灾之前,很多资金借道票据融资进入股市,这些票据没有真实贸易背景,相当于打白条,股灾之后,票据套现做的场外配资出现大笔亏损,“最后连渣都没有。”这位人士说,这一现象在江浙一带非常普遍,窟窿非常大,基本上每家银行都会有。“农行这次爆出的38亿,不过是冰山一角。”

“农行北分保险柜中的票据则被换成报纸。”一位接近农行北分的人士对此证实。

“董事长刘士余震怒,将首先严查十家省分行的票据业务,一旦发现违法违规现象将从严、从重、从快惩处。”农行一位内部人士透露。此前一年,农行内部曾进行好几轮现场检查,不过对于票据交易都采用了自查方式。据悉,农行目前已暂停了资金业务和放贷业务。

在票据市场,票据中介虽然资质良莠不齐,但非常活跃。这些票据中介一方面连接银行,一方面连接企业,银行提出什么条件,票据中介就据此设定一些虚假贸易名目,通过壳公司企业开出商业承兑票据,由票据中介找银行贴现。最初大行不会接受,但随着商业承兑票据在城商行、中小银行间的流动,不断有银行增信背书,还是有可能转到大行手上。而接近兑付期时,最初开票的企业很可能已经没有了。

“小票集中贴现,规模很大;如果因为经济下行造成的企业倒闭,还会有些资产,但没有真实贸易背景的票据连锁套现,一旦出现问题,就是塌方性损失。”某大行人士表示,“再加上各种虚假、伪造票据,窟窿完全填不上。”

除农行外,几大行和做市商也开始排查存量业务,严控中介票据。近日票据市场利率持续走高与此也有关系。

2015年底,银监会下发了《关于票据业务风险提示的通知》(203号文),203号文称按照2015年现场检查计划,各银监局分别对辖内部分银行业金融机构2015年上半年票据业务进行了现场检查。检查发现,相关银行业金融机构在办理票据业务中均不同程度存在不审慎行为。203号文提到其中一个风险现象是,银行与票据中介联手,违规交易,扰乱市场秩序。部分银行业金融机构与中介合作,离行离柜大量办理无真实贸易背景票据贴现,非法牟利。文件发出后,多家大行进行紧急自查,暂停部分票据业务操作。

刚刚履新国办金融事务局副局长李振江曾在农行担任副行长期间兼任农行北分行长。而去年5月,农行北分副行长陈英顺因违规代销某理财产品(即“飞单”)被免职。

责任编辑:张晓伟 CN042
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