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外媒:中国渔船扎堆非洲捕捞 24国呼吁中国采取措施

2016-01-16 08:06:16   新华网

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外媒称,非洲海岸人满为患,而中国渔民更是忙得不可开交。每年超过300万吨的捕捞量,其后果是灾难性的。在中国从海外所得到的渔获中,有三分之二来自非洲水域,这势必会带来诸多问题。

据法国《世界报》网站1月11日报道,首先是生物多样性受到威胁。中国的渔船大多是那些破坏性极强的拖网渔船。渔船越来越大,它们对海洋物种的生存威胁就越大。20年间,西非地区的石斑鱼的数量减少了80%以上。

非洲海域鱼类资源的减少也与中国渔业企业在这里的扩张有着很大关系。1985年,在这里作业的中国渔船只有13艘,如今中国渔船的数量超过了500艘。

其次是对当地渔民产生的冲击。中国渔船在非洲的渔获有三分之一进入了非洲当地市场,因而会对非洲本地的渔民形成直接的竞争。另外三分之一的渔获被销往欧洲,剩下的三分之一进入了中国市场。据估计,此类海上资源的掠夺使非洲每年失去了高达240亿美元的渔业收入。非洲的小渔民——他们的捕捞量占总量的46%——成了其中最大的受害者。

中国是怎么做的?绿色和平亚洲地区“海洋”项目负责人拉希德·康表示,“中国的一些无良企业利用了非洲当地和中国当局监管不到位的现状。”

报道称,据绿色和平组织掌握的数据,中国三大渔业企业至少有74艘渔船在非洲从事非法捕捞。

在捕捞的总量上造假、滥用捕捞许可证以及在禁渔区捕捞等:绿色和平组织整理出了大量最近两年以来的调查证据。

据拉希德·康介绍,“仅在2004年,我们在西非地区就发现了16个非法捕捞的案例。我们利用派船亲自前往、直升机巡逻以及雷达和电台跟踪的方式进行了详细的调查。”

报道称,在绿色和平看来,中国政府对此是负有责任的,因为这些渔船的船长通常是中国人。他们主要来自山东、浙江和辽宁等省份。绿色和平组织表示,“由于西非一些国家大多缺乏有效渔业管理经验,这使得中国企业得以在不会受到任何处罚的情况下大量掠夺海洋资源。非洲各国政府应当加强监管,并弥补现存法律的不足。”

报道称,非洲国家终于对此有了回应:24个非洲国家的代表去年12月在喀麦隆的雅温得举行会议,决心解决非法捕捞问题。与会的部长们呼吁中国采取措施结束此类非法捕捞行为。然而,仅仅从外交上作出回应是不够的。几内亚湾渔业委员会的负责人认为,该地区渔业问题日益严重,与相关非洲国家在渔业领域投资不足也有很大关系。非洲联盟则呼吁西非国家增加在水产和鱼类养殖领域的投入,因为这个行业不仅可以解决年轻人的就业问题,还可以帮助更多人解决温饱问题。

报道称,至少有9000万人将因此而受到影响,不过面对十分渴望非洲资源的中国渔民,雅温得会议呼吁很可能会石沉大海。

责任编辑:张晓伟 CN042
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