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员工工资6千需缴4千社保费 企业高呼不敢涨薪

2016-01-15 08:46:57   经济参考报

原标题:专家称“五险一金”存下调空间

“人力成本已经取代融资成本成为企业最大的压力来源。”不久前清华大学民生经济研究院发布《2015年中国企业家发展信心指数》报告指出,近八成企业家认为“五险一金”的支出负担过重且税负过高。而2015年12月举行的中央经济工作会议则提出了降低社会保险费以减轻企业负担的思路。

有专家认为,一些企业难以承受目前的养老保险缴费率,这会降低其参保积极性,进而有可能导致扩面或者续保缴费的困难,相比其他险种,养老保险应该成为未来着力的重点。对此,人社部新闻发言人李忠此前曾表示,人社部正在有计划、有步骤地采取多种措施,适时、适当地降低社会保险费率。

   承压 社保缴费成企业支出大头

中国社保体系主要由“五险一金”组成。2015年已经相继下调了失业、工伤和生育保险的费率,但现行的五项社会保险缴费合计达到企业工资总额的39.25%。其中,养老保险总费率28%(单位缴费20%、个人缴费8%)、医疗保险8%(单位缴费6%、个人缴费2%)、失业保险费率2%(单位、个人比例各省自定),工伤保险和生育保险由单位缴费个人不缴,工伤保险平均费率为0.75%左右,生育保险的平均费率为不超过0.5%。

有专家认为,普遍来说,企业用工成本和员工到手工资之间都存在很大差异。考虑到五险一金的因素,如果企业预计用工成本为一万元,员工到手工资实际是五、六千元;如果员工想要实际到手一万元工资的话,那企业就要付出近一万五千元的成本。

面对如此高的社保缴费比率,不少企业家直呼“不敢为员工涨工资”。浙江省某中型民营企业负责人对《经济参考报》记者表示,五项社会基本保险费用目前占到了企业用工成本的25%左右。“这样的水平建立在当地政府考虑到企业压力、按全额基数60%缴费的基础上。如果按照全额基数缴费,这个比例可能达到约35%。”这位负责人表示,“目前企业最大的压力就在五险一金,用工成本逐年提升。在产能过剩的背景下,传统企业为了生存普遍存在恶性竞争,产品低价竞争但同时各种费用又不断上升,压力很大。”

一方面是企业“叫苦”,另一方面有职工感觉不到缴费的直观好处,从而影响缴费积极性。以上海为例,根据上海市人社局最新的《上海市职工社会保险缴费标准》,企业的社保缴纳基数为3271至16353元,企业缴费比例合计为35%,个人的缴费比例合计为10.5%。据此,按照最低缴纳基数计算,企业需为职工缴纳1144.85元(3271×35%=1144.85),职工个人应承担343.455元(3271×10.5%=343.455);如缴纳住房公积金的,按照7%的比例计算,则企业和个人需额外各缴付228.97元(3271×7%=228.97)。以此计算,最低限度下,职工到手工资仅剩2699元,企业所需负担的“五险一金”便达到1374元。一年按12个月计算,该成本达16488元。

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