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习近平与中国特色社会主义政治经济学

2015-12-23 21:41:18   中国新闻网

4。公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展原则

以公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度,是中国特色社会主义制度的重要支柱,也是社会主义市场经济体制的根基。公有制为主体主要体现在:公有资产在社会总资产中占优势;国有经济控制国民经济命脉,对经济发展起主导作用。公有制经济和非公有制经济都是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分,都是我国经济社会发展的重要基础。要按照市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用的要求,加快形成统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系,保证各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公开公平公正参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护,依法监管各种所有制经济。

5。社会主义分配原则

对于社会主义社会的分配制度,马克思主义经典作家提出过两条基本原则:一是在社会主义制度中,“社会生产力的发展将如此迅速,……生产将以所有人的富裕为目的”;二是共产主义的高级阶段将实行按需分配原则。低级阶段则要对个人消费品实行按劳分配。中国特色的社会主义分配理论从以下三个方面继承和发展了上述分配原则:一是坚持以按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存。二是劳动、资本、技术和管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配。三是坚持效率与公平的统一,在经济发展的基础上更加关注社会公平,实现社会的共同富裕。

6。独立自主同扩大开放、参与经济全球化相结合原则

我国作为发展中的社会主义大国,发展经济与社会事业应放在独立自主、自力更生的基点上。同时,我们党确立了对外开放和积极参与经济全球化进程的基本国策,形成了全方位、宽领域、多层次的对外开放格局。主要包括以下原则:一是坚持“引进来”和“走出去”相结合,充分利用国际国内两个市场,优化资源配置,拓宽发展空间,以开放促改革促发展。二是强调经济全球化作为一个客观进程,具有二重性。三是要正确处理对外开放与独立自主、自力更生的关系。

7。改革、发展、稳定三统一原则

改革是动力、发展是目的、稳定是前提。改革是为了更好更快地发展;发展是为了满足人民日益增长的物质文化需要,实现共同富裕;稳定是给改革与发展提供一个和谐而宽松的环境。改革、发展与稳定是互相依存与互相促进的关系,改革的力度与发展的速度要考虑社会可承受的程度。

二、习近平丰富了中国特色社会主义政治经济学

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记把马克思主义政治经济学的基本原理同中国特色社会主义的实践相结合,发展了马克思主义政治经济学,提出一系列新思想新论断,创新并丰富了中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论,为中国和世界带来了新的经济发展理念和理论。

1。经济新常态的理论

2014年5月10日,习近平同志在河南考察时首次明确提出新常态,丰富了中国特色社会主义政治经济学。他指出:“我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期,我们要增强信心,从当前我国经济发展的阶段性特征出发,适应新常态,保持战略上的平常心态。”此后,习近平多次强调,要认识新常态,适应新常态,引领新常态。习近平明确阐述了新常态的三个特点:一是从高速增长转为中高速增长;二是经济结构不断优化升级,第三产业消费需求逐步成为新的经济主体;三是从要素驱动、投资驱动转向创新驱动。我国经济发展进入新常态,是党的十八大以来以习近平同志为总书记的党中央在科学分析国内外经济发展形势、准确把握我国基本国情的基础上,针对我国经济发展的阶段性特征所作出的重大战略判断,是对我国迈向更高级发展阶段的理论指南。

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