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财政部汇报地方债情况:个别地方举债发养老金

2015-12-23 07:58:50   新京报

焦点2 部分地方连利息也无力偿还

预工委表示,由于近年来房地产市场走弱,土地出让收入大幅下滑,加强宏观调控和金融监管后,银行理财、信托产品等“影子银行”渠道也日益收紧,地方政府还债能力明显减弱。

除了受市场和政策影响,预工委在其调研报告中指出,一些体制机制性矛盾和问题还未解决,如中央与地方事权和支出责任相适应的财政体制尚未建立,转移支付制度不够科学等。在现行财政体制下,地方政府财力普遍不足,财政平衡主要依靠上级转移支付,越到基层困难越大。

此外,调研还发现,地方存量债务利率普遍较高,大多在7%以上,有些项目利息甚至高达20%以上,据估算各级地方每年利息支出就达近万亿元,有的地方甚至连债务利息也无力偿还,有的地方已经连续几年出现逾期债务。

张少春也表示,现阶段,地方面临“稳增长”和“防风险”的双重压力,在财力增长放缓、特别是土地出让收入持续下滑的形势下,地方偿债能力下降,一些地区债务规模较大,个别地区存在发生局部风险的可能性。

对此,张少春称,将督促和指导地方做好债务管理各项工作,防范财政金融风险。如督促地方政府统筹包括债券资金在内的财政预算资金,偿还政府存量债务,切实履行偿债责任,必要时可以处置政府资产。

焦点3 未有地方因违规举债被问责

据预工委介绍,相关的问责机制没有有效建立。虽然新预算法和《国务院关于加强地方政府性债务管理的意见》都有原则性规定,但缺少具体可操作的落实机制。

至今,也没有一个地方或个人因为违规举债被问责。

与此相关的,我国地方政府债务的来源、用途和债务发生作用的机制与其他国家不完全相同,如何综合评价各地的债务风险并体现地方特点,缺乏明确指导意见。

此外,预工委指出,人大对地方政府债务的监督还不到位,审查监督机制还亟待健全。按照新预算法要求和国务院有关规定,存量债务置换后将分类纳入预算,这意味着从2016年开始,各级人大将面临大量债务资金纳入预算审查监督的局面,应抓紧研究完善对地方政府债务的审查监督机制。

整改

地方债务纳入领导干部政绩考核

预工委在调研报告中指出,举债往往给本届政府带来政绩,而偿债责任大多留给下届政府或寄望于上级政府救助。这种举债权利与偿债责任相脱节的状况导致有些地方债务风险意识薄弱。

针对此,张少春表示,下一步,将政府债务纳入党政领导干部政绩考核范围。对地方违法举借债务、违反规定替企业偿债以及在国务院批准的外债转贷以外为其他债务提供担保的,依据预算法和担保法有关规定,追究地方政府主要负责人的责任,并向社会公开。

此外,预工委提出具体建议,应建立具体可操作的问责机制。一是,建立地方政府债务违规举借责任追究制度,明确执法主体和处理程序,责任追究到人。二是,建立对违法违规融资和违规使用政府债务资金的惩罚机制,破除“现任举债不还债”、“新官不理旧事”等乱象,将领导干部任期内地方政府债务指标纳入考核体系,离任要审计,终身要负责。此外,还建议国务院根据全国人大常委会批准的2014年地方政府存量债务情况,对债务规模较大、债务风险较高的地区开展专项调查,处理一批典型案件和个人。

本版采写/新京报记者沙璐

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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