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央行再度双降 10万元存银行一年缩水100元

2015-10-24 08:41:51   京华时报

董希淼指出,放开存款利率浮动上限,并不意味着存款利率会因此立即飙升,原因有二:首先,我国现在总体上流动性是宽裕的,利率不具备迅速走高的条件;其次,央行仍然会采取窗口指导、自律机制等方式,对存款利率进行合理引导。

融360分析师刘银平也指出,不过存款利率上限放开并不代表银行就可以随意调整自己的存款利率了,今后存款利率仍要受到央行约束,如果背离市场规律,存款利率远高于市场正常水平,将会受到央行管控或指导。目前利率市场化只是名义上完成了,但要做到实际利率市场化,仍有一段路要走。

商业银行面临更大风险

多位银行业人士表示,从多个国家放开存款利率管制的后果看,银行竞争将更加激烈,特别是对国内中小银行来说,利率放开会对其流动性管理、资产负债以及盈利能力等形成很大压力。

董希淼指出,利率市场化是金融市场发展的必然产物,给我国商业银行带来了全面影响,它强调商业银行在市场经济活动中的独立性,使银行在市场竞争中获得更大的自主权和主动权,但同时伴随着更大的风险。商业银行应积极应对,尤其是要不断提升存款定价能力、资产负债匹配能力、流动性管理能力,并进一步创新产品和服务,改善盈利结构,助推实体经济发展,为金融消费者提供更好的帮助。

两问“利率市场化”

1为何此时放开存款利率上限?

央行:各方面时机都已经成熟

央行相关负责人指出,当前,我国经济处在新旧产业和发展动能转换接续关键期,为了更充分地发挥市场优化资源配置的决定性作用,推动经济增长方式转变,需要加快推进利率市场化改革。同时,近年来科技进步、互联网发展及其与金融的不断融合,一些创新型的金融理财产品迅速发展,对存款的分流作用日益明显,存款利率管制的效果趋于弱化,对加快推进利率市场化改革提出了迫切要求。

此外,国际国内实践都表明,存款利率市场化改革最好在物价下行、降息周期中进行,这样存贷款定价不易因放松管制而显著上升。当前,我国物价涨幅持续处于低位,市场利率呈下行趋势,也为放开存款利率上限提供了较好的外部环境和时间窗口。

放开存款利率上限的市场条件也已成熟。目前,金融机构的资产方已完全实现市场化定价,负债方的市场化定价程度也已达到90%以上。从实际情况看,我国金融机构已形成分层有序、差异化竞争的存款定价格局。

2利率管制是否完全放开?

央行:仍会对利率进行管理

央行相关负责人指出,取消对利率浮动的行政限制后,并不意味着央行不再对利率进行管理,只是利率调控会更加倚重市场化的货币政策工具和传导机制。从这个角度讲,利率市场化改革将进入新阶段,核心是要建立健全与市场相适应的利率形成和调控机制,提高央行调控市场利率的有效性。

一是通过央行利率政策指导体系引导和调控市场利率;二是各类金融市场以市场基准利率和收益率曲线为基准进行利率定价;三是进一步理顺利率传导机制。

京华时报[微博]记者马文婷余雪菲

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