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事业单位养老保险改革:并轨并非“高就低”

2014-10-06 15:16:14   

“目 前事业单位退休工资与企业职工基本养老保险的待遇差别不大,待遇差出现在生活津贴上。国外有一个与之对应的制度,即职业年金。如果企业没有为员工建立企业 年金账户,那么职工退休后必定与机关事业单位退休金有明显差距。因此,缩小差距的主要方式便是尽快发展企业年金,鼓励中小企业加入年金计划,购买养老金产 品。”张盈华表示。

然而,目前各地企业年金制度建立情况并不乐观。人社部的数据显示,截至2013年底,全国共有6.6万户企业建立了企业年金,参加职工2056万人,分别占全国各类企业数和城镇就业人数的0.04%和0.54%。

在 陕西,能够建立年金的企业不足5%。温海红建议,应当适当降低企业的养老保险费率,减轻企业和劳动者的缴费负担,加大对企业举办年金制度的税收优惠政策, 以弥补与事业单位因替代率不同而带来的待遇差异。与之相对应,事业单位应建立职业年金制度,代替现行退休金制度中的生活津贴,由事后的待遇发放“财政兜 底”责任,改为事前的“雇主缴费”责任。

当然,困难将很有可能出现于区县财政负担的事业单位。社会保险缴费原则确立后,事业单位作为“雇主”必须履行按时足额缴费的责任。而一些贫困区县无力缴费,逃缴、少缴、欠缴的现象难以避免,这就需要改革设计者充分考虑到缴费下限的设置。

封铁英建议,采用“老人老办法、新人新制度”的过渡做法,设立相对统一并可弹性调整的缴费基数、缴费比例、缴费方式和养老金及替代率水平。为避免养老金水平的大幅下滑,尽快出台具体措施和实施办法,建立职业年金制度和基本养老金正常调整机制,迅速开启实质性改革进程。

“由于机关企事业单位职工在养老待遇上存在较大差距,如果过急地将两个制度合并运行,将会加大制度摩擦和分配矛盾”。武汉大学社会保障研究中心学者杨伶认为,“可以考虑为‘并轨’设置一个合理的过渡期,并注意确保改革前后待遇的合理衔接。”

“总的改革方向必定是从财政养老转为社会养老。改革方案的设计,应遵循平稳过渡原则,充分考虑财务的可持续性。”张盈华表示。


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