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劳动保障蓝皮书:中国社保制度面临四大挑战

2014-09-19 18:21:28   中国新闻网

中新社北京9月19日电 (记者 丁栋)当前中国正在建设覆盖城乡的社会保障制度体系,19日发布的中国劳动保障蓝皮书指出,中国社保体系尚有部分人群覆盖较低,社保待遇差距较大,公平性有待提高。

由中国劳动保障科学研究院、社科文献出版社发布的该蓝皮书指出,当前中国社保制度建设还存在突出问题,如:私营企业、小微企业参加城镇职工各项保险的比率偏低,社会保险关系转移接续还不够顺畅,待遇差距较大、公平性有待提高,基金难以保值增值等。

蓝皮书认为,未来中国社保制度发展面临四大挑战。一是宏观经济形势变化对参保和政府投入带来影响;二是人口老龄化加速,可持续发展问题凸显;三是城镇化加快,对制度适应流动性提出更高要求;四是人民群众对公平享有社会保障的诉求日益增强。

为此,蓝皮书提出了完善社保体系的对策建议。

一是完善养老保险参保激励机制和养老保险转移接续办法,尽快出台遗属待遇和病残津贴政策。深化支付制度改革,健全重特大疾病保障制度,完善医疗保险关系转移接续办法。完善失业、工伤和生育保险制度。

二是继续深化改革,促使社会保障制度更加公平,包括整合城乡居民养老、医疗和最低生活保障制度;改革机关事业单位养老保障制度,实现统一的城镇职工基本养老保险制度;推动城镇职工基础养老金全国统筹,增强基金统筹调剂功能。

三是建立健全促进社会保障制度可持续发展的机制,包括制定和完善社会保障待遇确定机制和正常调整机制等。

四是推进多层次社会保障体系建设。通过落实和完善税收支持政策,鼓励用人单位为劳动者建立补充保险。同时,鼓励商业保险发挥补充性作用。

截至2013年底,中国社会保险覆盖面进一步扩大,基本养老、城镇基本医疗、失业、工伤、生育保险参保人数分别达到约8.2亿、5.7亿、1.64亿、1.99亿和1.64亿人,全民医保已基本实现,有1.41亿参加城乡居民基本养老保险的老年人都已领取基本养老金。

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