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宁夏牧民不敢带路调查腾格里沙漠污染:你懂的(图)

2014-09-08 16:38:49   新京报

8月的某一天,一位年届60岁的环保志愿者告诉我,腾格里沙漠遭工业污染的事情,你应该关注下。他说,一次,当地一位于老人湿润着眼睛,用生涩的汉语对他说:为什么有人花钱保护环境?为什么有人为了钱破坏环境?我不爱钱,我爱我的草原!我爱我的家。

这位志愿者说,他不指望每次报道都起效果,但没有声音会更糟糕。

类似的事情一次次刺痛着我。此前有一次,我跟随77岁的植物学家和草原生态学家刘书润老人考察内蒙古生态。老人看到被矿场弄的满目疮痍的草原,哭得身体卷缩成一团。

8月底,时间准许,我踏上采访之路。

牧民不敢带路:这个,你懂的

采访之前,我根据知情人提供的联系名单--多个曾联名举报污染的牧民,和他们一一联系。但他们无一例外向我表示了歉意:过去带媒体到过排污点,后屡屡被地方政府调查。有牧民甚至不敢在电话里多说。

今年3月,在央视曝光了当地地下水遭污染之后,一位环保志愿者来到腾格里沙漠。当地政府工作人员带他走了一圈,去了工业园区的6家企业。“当地的污染物都被掩埋,一看就是突击搞的,还有企业在生产。当地的解释是,有易燃易爆品,不生产有隐患。”而该志愿者2005年就来过腾格里沙漠,“当时就是以小灌木为主的荒漠草原,很漂亮,自从2007年工业开发之后,环境就不如从前了。”

这位志愿者把近期拍摄的照片给我看,并把拍摄的地点一一标记出来。他说,进入沙漠就没有信号,多保重。

8月29日一早,我坐车从相邻的宁夏中卫市出发,目的地是内蒙古阿拉善盟左旗腾格里额里斯镇。

在即将走出宁夏中卫市地界,也就是迎水桥至彦地塔拉,俗称迎彦线段时,我闻到一股恶臭。在公路两边沙漠里安装太阳能板的施工人员,都戴着口罩。他们告诉我,这些臭味都是化工厂向沙漠里排废水造成的,不戴口罩会被熏得头晕。他们建议我到离路边不远的一个沙丘顶上看看。

走到沙丘顶上,果然看到用沙子围起的几块乌黑的水面,面积超过足球场大小。最近的污水面离公路不到50米。施工人员告诉我,往里走,还有更多,沙漠被糟蹋得越来越不像样子了。

通过宁夏和内蒙古交界处,继续往腾格里额里斯镇前进。进入小镇就能闻到一股恶臭味,我随机走进一个路边商店,询问店主:这是哪儿来的味道?店主指了指远处金属罐林立的化工园区说:“从那些工厂来的。”

店主说,白天还好,晚上味道更重,因为有些工厂在夜里偷偷生产。

我问路边一个小车司机,是否知道腾格里沙漠的排污点,他说,这里人人都知道,但都不敢带你去,然后他苦笑了一下说,“这个,你懂的”。

被浓烈臭味呛得直咳嗽

根据我之前了解的情况,污水排放点具体地点是顺着公路从小镇向北5公里后,再从公路向东,垂直伸向沙漠深处约3公里距离。

这个地点是小镇路人皆知的,一位不愿透露姓名的男子告诉我,你顺着路走,见一条碎石路,入口有一个铁栏杆,就是进入排污池的方向。

不过,他提醒我,为防范本地人、外来不明身份的人接近排污点,化工园区安排有多辆摩托车组成的巡逻队。

我买了一顶当地牧民普遍戴的遮阳帽,和沙色外套,打扮成当地牧民。我还买了个土黄色布袋,把相机放到里面,盖上衬衣和干粮。

我也计划好,一旦被发现,我就说自己是找丢失的羊来着。

18时,我搭了辆车,从公路边通往沙漠深处排污池道路的入口下车。为避免和工作人员或巡逻人员相遇,我放弃从公路直接过去,而是选择从沙漠里迂回走近排污点。刚刚走进沙漠,我就听见车辆和摩托车的声音,看见一辆挖掘机和两辆摩托车从沙漠深处驶出。

车辆从一个铁栏杆里开出,骑摩托车的人下来把栏杆锁上,然后离开。此时已是18:20分。

为保险起见,我还是选择从沙漠过去。

天渐渐暗下来,我必须和时间赛跑。

脚下的细沙,每迈一步都比往常在硬路面上耗费了更多气力,翻越沙丘更是艰难。

大约19时许,我登顶一个沙丘,眼前一片开阔,一个数倍足球场大小的盆地,中间是数个乌黑的池子,周边是绵延的沙丘。

此时,大口喘气的我,被一股浓烈的臭味呛得直咳嗽。

宣传中的“绿宝石”工业园与现实里的污水池

在盆地里,有一排砖房和一辆挖掘机。我仔细观察,确认没有人和狗,也没有监控摄像头后,开始取出相机,拍摄图片和视频。

两个蓄满墨汁般颜色的池子里,反射着光,上面散发着雾气,臭得几乎难以靠近。

我顺着管道方向,翻过沙丘到另一边谷底,可以看到暴露在谷底的管道。顺着管道方向我继续翻过一个又一个沙丘,看到更多裸露在沙丘谷底的白色、黑色管道。很多谷底的沙颜色呈暗黑色,用脚踢开表面的沙,里面全是黑色泥浆似的凝固物,散发着一股臭味。顺着管道方向,是远处灯火明亮的化工园区。

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