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法学家:继承法将配偶作为第一顺位继承人不妥

2014-07-28 09:34:46   中国青年报

杨立新认为,在设定顺序的时候,应秉持先向下,子女、孙子女,然后再向上,父母、祖父母、外祖父母,最后再向两边发展,兄弟姐妹。同时,他认为,配偶应该是零继承顺序,即:有第一顺位继承人的时候,配偶跟第一顺位继承人一起继承,有第二顺位继承人的时候,配偶跟第二顺位继承人一起继承,份额逐渐增加。

对此,杨立新举了一个例子。曾有一名北京海淀教师进修学院的女老师,与一位回来探亲的台湾杨姓老兵结婚。老兵带回来的钱买了房、冰箱后,还剩下30万现金。一年后,老兵去世了,面临遗产归属的问题。老兵的哥哥称,盼了这么多年,盼回了兄弟,为什么我们不能继承遗产。但是,根据《继承法》,配偶是法定的第一顺位继承人,也就是说,继承和老兵的兄弟没有关系。这个案子后来法院斟酌后,判给兄弟一部分现金。

杨立新认为,这说明现行的继承顺序是有问题的,“不可以说,那么多亲属都在,你就一个人把遗产独吞了。”对于《继承法》修改,杨立新最后还提出了一系列问题,“我们没有遗嘱执行人制度,没有债权人保护制度,那么,这边是遗产继承人,那边是一堆债权人,哪个优先?遗产分割问题、密封遗嘱、信托遗嘱等问题,细节上、具体制度上差得太多了,只能凑合。现在没有具体的法律规则,当法院、法官愿意管事的时候,完全可以想出办法来处理,要是不愿管事的话,就不管,直接不受理,那也说得过去。”

本报北京7月27日电 实习生 杜江茜 本报记者 徐霄桐

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