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中科院研究院:三峡工程将来最大的受害者是上海

2014-07-17 08:33:57   

5月5日,水位消落至160米以下的三峡水库。 新华社发(郑家裕 摄)

陆生生态:库区消落带已成为一个难以解决的问题

库区消落带对景观造成严重的视角污染,对河岸的稳定性也造成威胁。三峡库区是水土流失严重区,山高、坡陡、耕地缺乏,退耕还林已实施多年,但在三峡库区还存在大量大于25度以上的坡耕地。

景观:峡区雄伟奇特的美感降低

例如,对小三峡、夔门等的影响就很大。有人认为,三峡山高1000-2000多米,水库才抬升100米左右,不会影响峡区景观。这种观点是不对的。因为感受高峡雄伟的最佳位置是在船上,能见的范围是两岸山体。相对高度只有几百米,水库蓄水以后急流变缓流,雄、奇、伟的感觉就大为逊色。

地质灾害:全库区发生新老滑坡变形 、坍塌

175米试验以来,全库区发生新老滑坡变形200余起,塌岸百余处,不稳定库岸30公里,涌浪开始出现。库区22个区县地质灾害隐患点9324处,修建前为5512处,2003年蓄水后新增3812处。

文物被淹没

三峡库区是巴楚文化中心,拥有中国最古老的人类化石地点--巫山龙骨坡遗址、巴国王陵--涪陵小田溪墓群,巴东旧县坪遗址(宋代)、涪陵白鹤楼、大溪新石器时代遗址等。对他们的历史和价值来不及系统研究和深度挖掘、评价就被淹沒,一批无价之宝丧失,实是可惜。

流域水资源分配矛盾增加(鄱阳湖、洞庭湖)

三峡工程之后,各地、各部门对水资源的争夺加剧,湖北省要调长江水去汉江,江西省要在鄱阳湖建闸,洞庭湖也另有一翻打算。加上长江上游无数的水电站的建设,未来长江将不可能是一条健康的河流。

5月5日,湖北省宜昌市秭归县拍摄的三峡旅游母港秭归港。 新华社发(郑家裕 摄)

5月5日,船舶行驶在长江三峡湖北省秭归县兵书宝剑峡水域,水位下降后的消落带清晰可见。 新华社发(郑家裕 摄)

5月4日晚三峡大坝坝前水位,水位下降后的消落带清晰可见。 新华社发(郑家裕 摄)

5月5日,水位消落至160米以下的三峡水库。 新华社发(郑家裕 摄)

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