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北上广巨额公积金沉睡 被指成“劫贫济富”工具

2014-04-02 08:31:34   中国新闻网

徐女士和丈夫不由怒从心来,费时费力后结果还是一样,徐女士坚持要公积金中心查找原因。最终发现,原是住房公积金处在系统升级时出错。该中心负责人坦言,工作量大,数据出错也曾发生。“老百姓提取公积金烦琐,门槛高,还得请半天假。”徐女士表示,公积金难取,时间成本也高。

“中高收入人群有能力支付首付,即可贷款提取,造成的状况是富人优先用了穷人的钱低息贷款购了房。” 曹志伟在提案中指出,低存低贷的方式,造成现在多数缴存人的贡献成为少数人的福利,进一步拉大收入差距,住房公积金背离其设立初衷,成为“劫贫济富”的工具。

唐钧也说,一般较穷的单位可能就没有住房公积金,而有钱的单位都是按照工资的12%缴纳,收入越高的人住房公积金补贴也越多,“公务员和事业单位工作人员住房公积金恐怕还是政府出的。”

他强调,对于收入少的人来说住房公积金作用就不大了,“不会考虑去买房,他们就只能老了之后作为养老金用。”

探索将公积金改为补贴

少交公积金并与养老金合并

对此,曹志伟等政协委员提出相应建议。

他指出,要降低住房公积金提/贷门槛,简化提/贷条件;扩大使用范围和受惠人群,规范提/贷手续。首先,要简化提取及贷款的条件申请流程,首付只需在签合同且付定金后即可提取公积金支付首期房款。

其次,扩大公积金使用范围,覆盖至个人和家庭成员的住房、医疗、教育三大领域。

第三,扩大受惠人群。缴存人的住房公积金允许直系家庭成员在经缴存人书面同意且完善购房手续后亦可使用。

“促进运营机构转型升级,将住房公积金市场化运营,提高增值收益率,收益金额全部归缴存者所有。”曹志伟还表示,要健全住房公积金信息公开制度,加强社会监督。

曹志伟等人建议,探索将住房公积金改为住房免税工资或补贴,实行账户电子化管理。

“最好的办法是和养老金结合起来,这么说就说得通了。”唐钧认为,学习新加坡的精髓很重要。 他说公积金的利率高一点,老百姓心里也高兴一点。

此外,他还建议,大家可以少交一点公积金,这样一来,企业和个人可以少交一点钱,政府负担也轻一点,“现在政府拿着大笔钱在手里,日子也不是很好过,因为增值也很困难。”

住房、养老、医疗三位一体

新加坡公积金:年利率高达5%

公积金(CPF)是新加坡社会保障体系的基石,是一个制度完善的供款计划,个人户头由雇员和雇主负责供款。公积金涵盖了社会保障的三大元素:退休、医疗保健融资和住屋融资。

截至2012年12月31日,公积金会员人数大约为340万名。在全国劳动人口中,超过80%的居民得到公积金制度的保障。目前,50岁及以下的会员每月缴交薪金的20%,作为个人公积金户头的缴交额;加上雇主所缴交的16%,总缴交额为36%。年龄超过50岁和每月薪金少于1500新元的人士,其公积金缴交率相对较低。

会员的公积金缴交额会按照相关年龄的分配比率,分别存入三个户头。

普通户头(OA) 储蓄可作为住屋、投资和其他经批准的用途。特别户头(SA)储蓄是作为退休用途的,可投资于与退休相关的金融产品。保健储蓄户头(MA)帮助会员支付自己或直系家属的住院费用。

公积金储蓄所赚取的最低保证年利率为2.5%。普通户头储蓄所赚取的利息与市场挂钩,给予至少2.5%的保证最低利率。特别户头和保健储蓄户头储蓄则同时享有长期债券利率(目前年利率为4%)。此外,会员的首60000新元公积金总存额享有额外的1%年利率,那代表着年回报率高达5%。

从2012年1月起,在公积金终身入息计划下,满55岁的公积金会员可用他的退休户头储蓄参与此计划, 并在65岁最低存款提取年龄到达后,开始提取可持续终身的每月入息。

在某些被批准的计划下,会员可在55岁前提取公积金储蓄, 以作为资产增值用途,也可支援教育、购屋、各人与家庭保障保险等社会需求。只要公积金会员符合公积金提款条件,并能保障他们的退休基金,就可提取他们的公积金储蓄。(李华 实习生 李季珂)

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