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中国对缅甸直接投资骤减至不足高峰时的1%

2014-04-01 10:44:20   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 鲁晓冬):据《第一财经日报》报道,在刚刚过去的2013财政年度(2013年4月至2014年3月),缅甸来自中国的直接投资骤减。有媒体统计,2013年中国在缅甸全年投资额也就在2000万美元上下,锐减至2012财政年度(约4亿美元)的1/20,与高峰时期的2010财政年度(约82亿美元)相比,还不到1%。在投资额排名上,中国4年来首次让出第一宝座,跌至10名左右。与此同时,缅甸吸收的外国投资总量飙升。预计2013全年的投资额将接近上一年度的3倍。

中国在缅投资锐减的原因在于,缅甸的游戏规则已经改变了。2011年缅甸民选政府上台,特别是2012年缅甸投资法颁布后的这几年,也正是中国在缅投资额锐减的几年,时间是吻合的。中国在缅投资额减少和外国在缅投资总量飑升,呈现冰火两重天的原因在于中国企业转身不够迅速,没有跟上缅甸发展的步伐。

中国在缅投资额排名从第一名上跌落下来,有其必然性。在军政府时代,缅甸是个封闭的市场,西方国家不仅不投资,而且制裁缅甸。中国由于和缅甸的传统友好关系,在缅投资有着西方国家没有优势。但现在西方解除了对缅大部分制裁,缅甸自身也放开了政策。自然可以吸收来自世界各地的投资。缅甸政府也希望看到一种投资来源多源化的局面出现。所以,中国不再是缅甸最大的投资国,这个问题理性地看待。

缅甸被西方国家认为是最后一块投资处女地。这里有着未开发的市场,有高素质的就业人口,全民识字率很高,而且很多人会讲英语,再加上这里自然资源很丰富。缅甸就像一块洼地,资本向这里流动符合客观规律。韩国从2010年起加大了对缅甸投资力度。韩国对缅投资门类非常广阔,既包括矿业和能源开发,也包括经济特区的建设。此外,韩国的投资还涉及新能源和环保产业。而日本和缅甸一直有着密切的贸易。即便在军政府时期,日本就一直是缅甸的重要贸易伙伴。

中国企业要想在缅获得更多商机,应该“换位思考,投其所好”。投资门类要选择缅甸社会发展经济转型真正需要的东西。以前的缅甸几乎没有互联网,电信业非常落后,人们也不用手机。缅甸城市交通、基础设施多少年不变样。但这个国家现在开始发展了,电信、基础设施等等领域成了大市场。

除去能源和矿产,缅甸在公路、铁路这些基础设施建设方面也是需要外国投资的。而中国企业在这方面是有优势的。另外,中国和缅甸有漫长陆地边界,中缅两国人员往来密切。这是美国、欧洲、韩国、日本都无法比拟的优势。中国企业需要认清形势,调整思路,换位思考发挥自身优势,以一种竞争的姿态进入缅甸市场。

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