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前年养老金隐性债务被指超83万亿 为当年GDP1.6倍

2014-03-20 08:25:18   中国新闻网

“统账结合”模式下,如何确保养老保险的财务可持续性一直是公众关注的焦点。近日有专家精算发现,如果将隐性债务定义为精算应计负债减去社会统筹账户基金余额,那么截至2012年末这一数字已经超过83万亿元。

目前公众对中国养老保险财务的讨论,大多集中于养老金“空账”、“缺口”等问题,也就是说,一般是针对个人账户下空账金额的计算,或揭示当期缴费收入不抵支出的统计,或估算转轨成本所造成的隐性债务。对未来收支缺口的预测,较少采用科学方法的精算理论。

对此,中国社会科学院研究生院博士研究人员魏吉漳认为,一套完善的社会保障制度,在提供社会福利和社会救助的前提下,仍需兼具社会保险的功能,运用一般精算准则及精算模型,精算公平保费,确保收支平衡,才能健全社会保障制度的稳定性及持续性。

魏吉漳从精算角度对养老保险的财务作了评估研究,测算得出的数字不容乐观。“以2012年12月31日为衡量日,依加入年龄成本法计算得之精算统筹账户应计负债为83万亿,约为2012年G D P的160%。”魏吉漳认为,对社会统筹账户而言,高达83万亿的隐性债务,将在未来的现金收支中逐渐显现在未来的财务缺口上。

不过,这并不意味着养老金一定将陷入“万劫不复”的境地。魏吉漳计算发现,养老保险最佳提拨率为21.6%,而目前实际缴费率为20%,两者相近。因此,只要未来制度的运作和精算假设一致,财务的持续性是可确保的。

但在魏吉漳看来,若要制度未来运行无虞,有几个指标必须达成:首先养老保险制度覆盖率必须持续增加。其次,必须提存适足的基金准备。最后,必须解决隐性债务,方式包括冻结隐性债务另做财务规划,提高缴费率,降低给付金额,提高基金投资回报率,延长退休年龄等。记者 李唐宁

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