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饱和潜水技术揭秘:潜水员不能吃黄豆等防止放屁

2014-01-13 07:55:03   新京报

据新华社电 1月12日,北纬20度18分、东经115度09分的南中国海海域。5时零9分,搭载着交通运输部上海打捞局胡建、管猛、董猛3名潜水员的潜水钟,从300米水深的海底回到工作母船的甲板上,完成与生活舱的对接,3名潜水员返回到生活舱里休息。现场总指挥郭杰宣布,3名潜水员圆满完成我国首次300米饱和潜水海底出潜探摸作业,巡回深度达到313.5米。这是300米深的海底首次迎来了中国人的身姿,中国由此具备了人工潜入300米深的海底“龙宫”探宝的能力。

下水深潜前先进生活舱加压

记者在现场看到,潜水工作母船“深潜号”悬浮在海面上,船甲板上安放着用于潜水员加压、减压的生活舱和运送潜水员到海里的潜水钟。1月9日13时,6名饱和潜水员进入到生活舱里开始加压。1月11日24时,搭载着3名潜水员的潜水钟,开始被下放到海里。1时40分、2时22分,3时33分,胡建、管猛、董猛3名潜水员相继从潜水钟里钻出,游到海里进行探摸。4点29分,3人完成探摸巡潜,相继回到潜水钟。5点零9分,3人乘坐潜水钟“电梯”,安全返回到甲板上的生活舱里。

6名潜水员预计24号出舱

据现场总指挥、上海打捞局工程队副队长郭杰介绍,深海的巨大压力使人类生命无法承受,成为人类进入的“禁区”。科学家发明了“饱和潜水”技术,让潜水员体内各组织体液中所溶解的惰性气体达到完全饱和的程度,来适应高压环境。潜水员可以长期停留在高压下进行作业,然后一次减压出舱。

上海打捞局局长沈灏说,12日上午8时,李洪健、罗小明、谭辉3名潜水员第二批下水作业,预计将于14时返回生活舱。此后,6名潜水员将在生活舱里减压,预计将于24日出舱,回到正常的生活环境中。

交通运输部救捞局局长王振亮表示,交通运输部已将攻克500米饱和潜水作业技术列入计划。目前,世界上英国、美国、瑞士、挪威、法国、德国、日本、俄罗斯8国已先后突破400米深度潜水技术。其中,法国潜入了600多米的深度。

2006年11月,上海打捞局取得100米饱和潜水作业成功;2013年5月,创造了海底198米深的作业纪录。

呼吸

呼吸气体是由氦气和氧气组成的混合体,氦气多,氧气少,混合的比例因海深不同而不同。潜水员在生活舱和海底呼吸的都是这种气体,呼吸过程倒不困难,但声音变得像鸭子叫一样。

压力

在300米的深海里,潜水员要承受的压力是31个大气压,比常人多30倍。胡建说,在这种压力下,人感觉就像被挤压住了一样,骨头与骨头贴得很紧,抬下手、动动脚,都很费力。

吃饭

有专门的厨师做饭,饭菜通过生活舱上的一个圆柱一样的洞送进来。潜水员不能吃硬的,会损伤牙齿;不能吃黄豆等容易放屁的食物;不能吃萝卜、韭菜等味道重的食物,以免污染狭小的环境;米饭、馒头被挤压粘在牙上,很难受,需要使劲咀嚼,才能吃下去;味觉变迟钝,饭菜吃不出咸味来。

睡觉

6个人挤在长11米、宽3.8米、高3.5米的生活舱里。舱里有6个上下设置的床铺,中间过道不到50厘米宽,床宽90厘米。没有白天黑夜的感觉,睡觉不能关灯。由于容易疲劳,一天睡12个小时以上。

如厕

如厕、洗澡前后都要报告。地面监控人员发出指令,潜水员才可放水冲马桶,并关上放水阀门。然后,地面人员再打开另一个阀门,把污物排出到一个圆筒内。

穿衣

生活舱里保持着38摄氏度至40摄氏度的温度,潜水员在舱里穿着短袖等纯棉宽松的衣服。下海作业时,穿的是“热水服”,流动着热水的水管密布在衣服各处,不停止地给潜水员加热,保持潜水员的正常体温。

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