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北京日报:还绿

2018-05-28 09:16:58   首都文明网

郑柏峪,总是在梦里回到查干诺尔。那里有美丽的湖水,美丽的花朵,还有自己的青春和汗水。

内蒙古锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗的查干诺尔,位于锡林郭勒草原中部,是草原和“沙窝子”(浑善达克沙地)交界的地方。郑柏峪在这里插队13年,时至今日,他依然清晰地记得,第一次看到查干诺尔时的震撼。“草原上有一个100平方公里的湖泊——查干诺尔湖,水天相接,波涛滚滚,还有天鹅、大雁……简直就是‘世外桃源’。”

1981年,郑柏峪回到北京,依然牵挂着查干诺尔,经常回去看看。

郑柏峪悲伤地发现,“世外桃源”正一年年的消失,大海一样的查干诺尔湖正在干涸,红柳林大片大片地枯死,漫山遍野的沙地柏也连不成片了,山丹花、黄花几乎绝迹,就连兔子、黄羊、狐狸也少多了……

郑柏峪心很痛,他发誓一定要为查干诺尔做点儿什么。

1998年底国务院机构改革,担任原轻工业部政策法规司处长的郑柏峪申请提前退休,他要回到查干诺尔,治沙还绿。

重新回到草原,郑柏峪发现,情况远比他见到的严重。

一天上午,郑柏峪和志愿者正在试种新植被,干涸的湖盆里一股白色的烟柱突然腾空而起,像原子弹爆炸一样,不断扩大上升,直冲千米高空。几分钟之后,这股飓风在湖盆中卷起大片白色烟尘,呼啸着扑了过来……三天以后,这场风才停了下来。

“这是咸水湖,全是盐碱面,风一刮就把尘土刮跑了,沙子留在原地,如果长期这样,这里会变成沙漠”,郑柏峪不敢往下想……

2000年,郑柏峪争取到某国外企业生态保护项目27万元资助,他欣喜若狂,带领牧民用两年时间搞了四个苗圃,种植了10万株小叶杨。但小叶杨全枯死了。

郑柏峪又尝试抢救沙地柏,同样难活。他四处查资料,走访专家,终于弄清了原因。原来,查干诺尔水源匮乏、土壤严重盐碱化,植树造林进行防风固沙的方法很难奏效。

郑柏峪没有放弃,越挫越勇。2002年和2003年,他自掏腰包,请专家去考察,“种植碱蓬等耐盐碱植物,防碱固尘,恢复植被。”一名内蒙古的生物教授支招。郑柏峪和中科院海洋研究所一名研究员决定试一试。

5月份的内蒙古温度还很低,两位近60岁的老人,捧着用脸盆装的碱蓬种子,双手冻僵,几乎端不住盆。

播种碱蓬时,盐碱水泡得脚掌脱皮、裂口,钻心地疼。第一年,他们种了5000亩耐碱性植物,其中碱蓬3000亩、碱茅2000亩,碱茅都没有发芽,碱蓬都活了。第二年,改为全部种碱蓬,10000亩全活了。“每年1万亩,10万亩盐碱地,10年就可以全部覆盖。”两个老人高兴得像孩子一样。

近十几年,郑柏峪每年在北京与查干诺尔间奔波数次,最多一年十五六趟。一趟往返,就要千余公里,长途汽车一坐就是十三四个小时。当地的生活条件更艰苦,因为缺水,不能洗澡,刷牙、洗脸。2013年,种植好的碱蓬,因为自然灾害,大面积损失。郑柏峪咬牙坚持着。

如今,郑柏峪已至古稀,他和志愿者种植的碱蓬面积超过6万亩,覆盖了三分之二的干湖盆。这些碱蓬每年平均可阻拦风沙尘土厚达20厘米,约130万吨。盐碱度降低,次生植物生长环境改善,动物也逐渐回归,查干诺尔湖又恢复了生机。

去年,郑柏峪在北京市慈善基金会设立了干盐湖治理专项基金,希望通过社会各界的捐助支持治理工作。“查干诺尔还有三四万亩有待治理,需要继续,如果有经费,我们还可以开辟更多地点。”如今,越来越多志愿者加入其中,一起种碱蓬、栽沙障。

为什么你能坚持这么多年?“我希望有生之年能看到更多的荒漠重现绿色。”郑柏峪说着,望向窗外,那里,阳光明媚,碧空如洗,绿草茵茵。

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