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对“人类的摇篮”解读或许有误? 南非人族化石记录存在空白

2018-12-27 02:56:07   科技日报 

科技日报北京12月26日电(记者张梦然)英国《自然》杂志近日在线发表的一篇洞穴沉积物研究显示,南非早期人族的化石记录偏重于气候较干旱时期,而这一重要发现暗示可能存在化石记录空白,很可能模糊了演化模式,从而影响了科学家们对该地区早期人族的生境和饮食行为的理解。

南非早期人族化石最集中的地方,在约翰内斯堡西北部的洞穴,那里也被称为“人类的摇篮”。2015年,科学家在约翰内斯堡西北大约50公里处一次性发现的原始人骨骼化石,就有1550多块,被判定分别属于物种的幼年、成年及老年个体,对了解人类的起源和进化有重要意义。但是,由于洞穴沉积物崩塌混乱,更多化石的年份,科学家一直难以准确测定,因而也无法评估它们的演化历史。

南非开普敦大学研究人员罗本·匹克林及其同事此次另辟蹊径,对包围在含化石沉积物外面的厚厚的流石进行分析。这些流石的年份可以通过微量放射性同位素测得。流石包括钟乳石和石笋,由洞内的溶解矿物质沉积在流水中形成。

研究团队发现,他们所分析的流石在320万年至130万年前发生沉积,中间分为6个间隔期。他们认为这意味着当时气候较潮湿,因而存在较多的水可以沉积流石,洞穴更有可能阻挡外进的沉积物和人族遗骸,从而使流石的形成不被中断,但是也因此留下了化石记录的空白。

当气候变干旱之后,植被消失,增强了表面侵蚀,使洞穴向外部沉积物打开,人族遗骸得以保存下来。虽然此前潮湿的气候期可能留下了化石记录空白,不过研究人员认为,对流石的分析,仍可以为理解过去的气候变化提供宝贵的信息。

责任编辑:路子康 CN078
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