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太阳系外存在新形式的“超级地球”

2018-12-26 01:35:14   科技日报 

其“地核”闪烁着红蓝宝石

科技日报北京12月24日电(记者张梦然)据美国每日科学网站近日消息,科学家确认太阳系外存在一种新形式的“超级地球”,其“地核”并非铁核,但却富含钙、铝及其氧化物,而且可能闪烁着红宝石和蓝宝石。这也意味着,“超级地球”的构成远比科学家预期的更加多样化。相关研究发表在最近一期的英国《皇家天文学会月刊》上。

在仙后座,距离我们21光年远的地方,有一颗名为HD219134b的行星,公转周期为3天,质量约为地球的5倍,是一颗所谓的“超级地球”。然而与地球不同的是,瑞士苏黎世大学和英国剑桥大学的科学家们发现,该星球的核心并非含有大量铁,而是富含钙和铝。

苏黎世大学计算科学研究所天体物理学家卡罗琳·多恩表示,这颗“超级地球”很可能有红宝石和蓝宝石交相辉映,而这些宝石其实是外太阳系中常见的氧化铝。

研究人员使用理论模型研究行星的形成,并将结果与观测数据进行比较。众所周知,在它们形成过程中,诸如太阳之类的恒星周围都会存在诞生行星的气体和尘埃盘。当原行星气体圆盘散开时,像地球这样的岩石行星,就是由剩余的固体形成的;当气体盘冷却时,一些构件从星云气体中凝结出来。研究人员表示,通常情况下,这些构件都是在铁、镁和硅等元素凝聚的区域形成的,由此产生的行星就具有类似地球的成分和铁芯。而且到目前为止,已知的大多数“超级地球”都是在这些区域形成的。

但HD219134b现在被确认属于一种全新的、与以往完全不同的系外行星。这样的行星并不能像地球一样有磁场,而且由于内部结构如此不同,它们的冷却行为和大气也会与普通的“超级地球”不同。

HD219134b最早在2015年被斯皮策太空望远镜发现,当时美国国家航空航天局(NASA)形容它为“科学研究的金矿”,因为它的出现能够帮人类进一步认识行星和类似太阳系的系统的形成。

责任编辑:路子康 CN078
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