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“蓝精灵”多地传播:致人失去意识 甚至猝死

2018-08-27 22:41:43   科普中国 

原标题:蓝精灵”多地传播:致人失去意识 甚至猝死

本文专家:田靖博士,原成都军区疾病预防控制中心,主治医师

本文审稿:陈海旭博士,副研究员,解放军总医院南楼临床部、老年疾病国家临床医学研究中心、老年医学研究所

最近温州女孩搭乘顺风车遇害的事,让人感到痛心。在关注出行安全的同时,还有另外一件事也值得引起重视。

今年5月份开始,一种名为“蓝精灵”的新型毒品在内地多处出现,服用后能让受害人失去意识,任人摆布,甚至可能猝死。

“蓝精灵”多地传播:致人失去意识 甚至猝死

“蓝精灵”多地传播:致人失去意识 甚至猝死

“蓝精灵”是一种什么样的毒品呢?今天就来为大家科普一下。

“蓝精灵”到底是什么?

这种名为“蓝精灵”的毒品实际上是一种名为氟硝西泮(pàn)的处方药

氟硝西泮片剂通常无味、无臭、微溶于水,易溶于乙醇,溶于酒精饮料中不易分辨;而其另外一种剂型可以形成一种透明的蓝色溶液,放入深色饮料中溶解后可产生一种灰蒙蒙的颜色,就成了“蓝精灵”。

氟硝西泮药理作用与地西泮(安定)类似,通过增强GABA与受体的结合,打开氯离子通道,引起细胞膜的去极化,全面降低降低神经细胞的兴奋性。其镇静催眠作用强于地西泮10倍,具有广谱抗癫痫、抗焦虑、抗惊厥、催眠以及遗忘作用。

在我国可按照第二类精神药品进行管理,零售企业凭执业医师出具的处方,按规定剂量销售。

但是我国尚未生产和使用氟硝西泮,也没有相关进口品种。

“蓝精灵”多地传播:致人失去意识 甚至猝死

氟硝西泮可能就在我们身边滥用!

使用氟硝西泮后能产生一种类似于酒醉的放松感觉,可以增强酒精和大麻的效果,在一些聚会上使用较多。

当与海洛因同服时,除了有效缓解海洛因戒断症状,对可卡因具有增效作用外,毒性作用也明显增强,绝大多数因吸食毒品入院的患者中均发现了氟硝西泮使用史。与碳酸饮料、果汁(柚子汁)、咖啡因同时服用时药效增加。

同时,我们还要警惕其他药用麻醉药品、精神药品滥用!其医疗价值通常大于其依赖价值,对一些疾病有治疗作用,倘若通过非法途径被滥用,则成为“毒品”,使用这类药物时需要尤其小心。

氟硝西泮有哪些危害?

氟硝西泮对记忆力产生的影响是氟硝西泮最为诟病的药理作用之一,服用药物后人体能产生“顺行性遗忘症”,也就是失去了对近期发生事情的记忆力,因此常常被一些人当做约会“蒙汗药”,引发不良犯罪行为。

氟硝西泮引发“失忆”效果持续时间长于地西泮,而作用起效时间快于劳拉西泮。氟硝西泮用于催眠则也更容易在次日产生“后遗效应”和神经系统损伤

鉴于以上不良反应,美国早在1989年就禁止使用氟硝西泮,FDA未批准将其作为疾病的治疗的药物,并禁止其进口,一些墨西哥药厂曾建议用氯硝西泮作为氟硝西泮的替代品。

仅英国以及其他一些国家则允许使用氟硝西泮用于医学治疗。

生活中我们如何避免接触“蓝精灵”?

1、不通过非法途径购买和擅自使用麻醉药品和精神药品,如有疾病需要治疗应寻求专业医生的帮助。

2、不出入不健康娱乐场所,不吃陌生人的食品和饮料。

3、服用麻醉药品、精神药品时不应同时服用酒精、柚子汁或咖啡因饮料,同时服用其他药物时需要咨询药师。

“蓝精灵”多地传播:致人失去意识 甚至猝死

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