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NASA解释为什么飞向太阳那么难

2018-08-10 09:53:45   搜狐科技 

本月11日,NASA研制的“帕克太阳探测器”即将发射升空,在探测器升空前夕,NASA为群众科普了为什么飞向太阳那么难。NASA表示,对于人类而言地球就已经足够的巨大了,但是地球和木星、土星相比又是小个头。而太阳占据了我们所在的太阳系99.8%的质量,地球相对于太阳而言是那么的渺小。

NASA解释为什么飞向太阳那么难

太阳的巨大引力,使得太阳系从水星到冥王星一直到它可以触及到的最远地方都保证它的绝对占有,巨大的引力使得前往太阳成为一件非常困难的事情,根据NASA的数据,到达太阳需要用比到达火星多55倍的能量,由于地球本身在围绕太阳公转会产生巨大的速度,发射卫星必须克服地球公转产生的速度。

想要对太阳进行近距离的观察,需要将速度降低到每小时85295千米,而地球公转速度足足有107826千米/小时,想要克服这么大的地球公转速度,需要大量推力的火箭。

帕克太阳探测器需要Delta IV重型火箭发射,这个探测器单单到达指定的速度和位置就需要七年的时间,这七年里,帕克太阳探测器需要利用金星进行七次变轨才能到达指定位置,此时,帕克太阳探测器距离太阳只有616.4万千米。

在消除横向速度的同时,探测器还要让其速度达到环绕太阳飞行的一个安全速度,在七年的变轨变速之后,帕克太阳探测器的速度将会达到每小时692018千米,这样才能安全的围绕太阳飞行。届时,帕克太阳探测器将会成为速度最快的人造物体。

当然,对于帕克太阳探测器而言,它面临的困难和风险远不止这些,如此高的速度一旦遇上太空垃圾或者陨石,将会对其造成毁灭性的打击,除此之外,一旦有一次变轨失败,整个项目可能就会彻底完蛋。

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