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英媒:科学家可以通过“太空卫生间”寻找外星人

2017-10-24 09:19:53   参考消息网

参考消息网10月24日报道英媒称,对生命的寻找也许可以从如厕的需求中获得帮助。天文学家能够从一个出人意料的地方——太空卫生间——学习如何研究像土卫二那样的冰卫星所喷射出的羽毛状地下海水。

据英国《新科学家》网站10月17日报道,未来的宇宙飞船可能会留取土卫二的羽状物样本。要知道预料会发生什么是一件难事:在地球上的实验室里很难复制这些羽状物。但10月17日在犹他州普罗沃举行的美国天文学会的一场会议上,约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的行星科学家拉尔夫·洛伦茨指出,宇航员已经做过向太空喷水的自然实验。

报道称,科学文献中关于太空排泄物的坦率讨论很少见。目前正在设计未来前往土星卫星的飞行任务的洛伦茨说:“很难找到这类书面资料。我不知道人类航天界是否对此感到难以启齿。”

但还是有迹可循的。例如,在1984年“发现号”航天飞机飞行期间,一个燃料电池通风口处长出了一根60厘米长的冰柱。这一过程可以暗示羽状物的冰颗粒可以增长到多大。

而1996年“奋进号”航天飞机从轨道上回收的日本空间飞行器装置卫星上的凹痕则揭示有微量的磷和硫。2000年发表在《空间研究进展》上的一篇分析文章称,这可能是“奋进号”冲出的冰状尿液颗粒滴落到卫星上造成的。这对于在土卫二上找到生物迹象可能是好消息——与生命相关的分子有可能被保存在羽状物内的冰中。(编译/熊文苑)

相关阅读:

“中国天眼”探测范围可达宇宙边缘台媒:或能寻找外星人

参考消息网10月13日报道台媒称,首位发现脉冲星的天文学家乔瑟琳·贝尔今年早些时候曾参观位于贵州的“中国天眼”,她期待这座世界最大的射电望远镜能发现更多微弱、遥远、独特的脉冲星,包括发现围绕黑洞旋转的脉冲星。


资料图片:FAST在满天繁星下呈现出的美丽景观(2016年6月27日摄)。新华社记者 刘续 摄

据台湾联合新闻网10月11日报道,“天眼”若能第一个捕获河外星系脉冲星,将具有开创性意义。目前中国大陆科学家李菂和他的研究小组已在为观测河外星系脉冲星做技术上的准备,最早于明年初尝试。

报道称,对于观测范围可达已知宇宙边缘的“天眼”来说,发现脉冲星只是使命之一,未来它还将在中性氢观测、谱线观测、寻找可能的星际通讯信号等方面大放异彩。“天眼”会寻找外星人,可望主导未来宇宙天图。

报道称,根据宇宙大爆炸学说,中性氢是宇宙中几乎与大爆炸同龄的“老人家”,观测和研究中性氢的分布,能帮助科学家进一步弄清银河系和河外星系的结构,解开宇宙大爆炸等宇宙起源和演化之谜。大陆国家天文台“天眼”项目高级博士后马可说:“‘中国天眼’将通过巡视宇宙中的中性氢,绘制出最新最大的标准宇宙天图。”

澳大利亚科学及工业研究院Parkes望远镜科学主管乔治·霍布斯说,“中国天眼”甚至还能“监听”宇宙中可能存在的外星文明发出的无线电波。Parkes望远镜目前有20%的时间分配给了寻找外星人,但仍一无所获,“中国天眼”看得更远,说不定将来会有令人振奋的消息。

报道称,脉冲星是一种高速自转的中子星,由恒星演化和超新星爆发产生。它的密度极高,每立方公分重达上亿吨,一块方糖大小就相当于地球上1万艘万吨巨轮的重量。脉冲星自转速度很快、自转周期精确,是宇宙中最精准的时钟。正因如此,脉冲星会发射一断一续的周期性脉冲信号,就好比转动的灯塔发出忽明忽暗的光。

报道称,自人类1967年发现第一颗脉冲星以来,过去的50年里,人类发现的脉冲星家族至少有2700个成员。

“中国天眼”的最初构想来自已故天文学家南仁东。从1994年提出设想,到2016年正式启用,22年间,南仁东和他的团队全力推动着这个看似不可思议的世界级项目。



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