新闻
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China

郑永年:十九大后,北京或从被动防独转向主动统一

2017-09-13 08:28:33   直通台湾

值得注意的是,这些垄断地方政治豪门贵族,不仅不会促进现代化工业在当地的发展,还会不遗余力地阻止这一过程。垄断地方政治的这些家族,凭借的是对大量贫穷的底层佃农的选票控制。他们的公司都是凭借政府特权的垄断性企业,绝大部分都没有现代的工业企业。如果佃农离开了土地,进入了工厂,就等于这批佃农脱离了他们的掌控范围。

如果大量的佃农融入了工业化社会,成为了不受他们经济上胁迫的工人,那么他们势必要失去执政的基础。这就是为什么地方豪强会不遗余力的打着保卫耕种农户权益的旗号,阻止莫迪推行的促进民族工业发展的征地法案。

地方豪强阻止中央经济改革的手段还不止土地政策一项。印度地方政治家族同样会利用他们控制的地方民生经济领域的垄断企业为工具,为印度改革设置巨大障碍。根据印度最大的律所之一SNG & PARTNERS业务相关估计,大约有90%以上的印度企业被家族拥有。普华永道在2016年底出具的印度家族企业报告中指出,在印度家族企业中,有84%对于他们的未来表示乐观。同时有35%想要直接交给下一代管理,以及有48%的家族企业计划引入职业经理人但是依然由下一代继承拥有权,也就是说,有83%的家族企业在计划中将被继承下去。

这一家族企业的经营现状跟中国超过65%的民营家族企业无法在家族内进行权力交接刚好相反。显然这些家族企业能够顺利交班给下一代不是因为他们的教育有多成功,下一代的经商能力有多强。归其根源,在于除了少数类似塔塔集团这样的真正经营现代工业的家族企业,绝大部分的家族企业其实是刚才我们讨论过的凭借其地方政治势力垄断地方民生经济的寻租企业。就算现代工厂在当地征集到了土地,这些政治家族也可以利用这些垄断型企业在电力、用水等方面刁难试图发展新兴工业的企业。只有将他们治理下的民众维持在农业贫困线上,才能在选举时用极低的成本轻松购买到足够的选票保持他们家族的政治地位。

因此,这些地方政治豪门便不遗余力的在土地政策,税收和经济上阻挠改革。莫迪政府在地方势力面前处处碰壁,根源便在这里。

中国的很多学者简单地认为印度民主会让印度的发展有巨大的可持续优势,其实并没有经验证据。我们上述所讨论的所有这些都是在印度的“民主”与“法治”的政治构架内发生的。并不难看出,无论是“民主”还是“法治”都是这些豪强保护自己既得利益的最有效的武器。民主制度在印度并没有成为经促进济发展的优势,而是和印度的特殊政治经济文化混合,成了阻碍国家现代化的制度顽疾。

上一页8/9下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170913/31380053_8.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/11/16 08:19:15

Powered by China
China