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此战震惊解放军 之后美军战斗越多中美差距越小

2017-09-08 08:58:50   瞭望智库

5变革

海湾战争结束后,中国军内各个层次召开了大大小小数百次研讨会,结论只有一个:变革!只有抓紧已经到来的新军事变革,才有求胜的可能。变革首先从思想开始。海湾战争前,中国军队仍然延续着“地面制胜”理论:“战争的最终胜负要靠战靴和步枪决定”。最终造成“大陆军主义”:陆军占据主导、海空军发展滞后。海湾战争后,空军、海军的重要性开始得到普遍认可,海空联合作战、近海防御作战等成为军队研究重点,中国军队作战思想开始了全面转型。但是,这个转变从一开始就太艰辛。当时中国经济还比较落后,军队建设需要服从经济发展大局:“军队要忍耐。”

1987年,占世界人口1/5的中国,军费总额竟只相当于世界的1/200!美国和苏联的军费开支分别是我国的58.6倍和52倍。到1996年,中国军费仅占国民生产总值的1.01%,几乎是历史最低。

1986—1998年中国财政收支和国防经费开支(图片来源:网易军事)

技术落后、军费拮据,军队只得勒紧裤腰带,有选择地发展重要武器装备,即优先发展“杀手锏”。比如,1988—1991年陆续开工的4艘053H2G型导弹护卫舰,第一次给予人民海军可靠的防空能力!然而,那6个硕大的HHQ61防空导弹发射筒,被填满的时候寥寥无几。

053H2G型导弹护卫舰(图片来源:观察者网)

1996年,我们用各种进口产品,凑出了1艘4000吨级驱逐舰,具备欧洲80年代先进水平。解放军就是在这种状况下图强求变。随着中国经济崛起,军费投入也逐渐增多,1999年开始,我国军费每年保持12~20%的增幅。同年,在国庆50周年阅兵上,受阅装备中90%以上都是新装备,绝大部分都是自行设计和生产的,出现了三代坦克、新型战略核导弹、“飞豹”歼击轰炸机等武器装备,相较于海湾战争时期已经迈进了不知道多少步。两年后,2001年中美南海撞机事件再次为中国军队敲响了警钟。美军EP-3电子侦察机让中国军队“大开眼界”:中国的沿海防空、军事部署、通讯联络,被美军全面监控!

“海空卫士”王伟的座机——歼8Ⅱ飞机81192号(图片来源:环球网)

跟着美军跑还是会被动挨打!美军有什么、我们造什么,只能永远落后!此后,中国军队开始调整武器技术发展轨迹,寻敌弱点、体系破击成为指导思想。之后,伊拉克战争、阿富汗战争,每一次战争,都成了中国军队实现自我提升的阶梯。

2003年3月20日,以英美军队为主的联合部队再次对伊拉克发动军事打击

通过美军发动的历次战争,中国军队从中学到经验,“美军的战斗越多,中美军方的差距越小”。中国军队也在逐渐进化:空军从“国土防空”转向“攻防兼备”,海军从“海岸防御”变为“近海防御”,导弹部队从“核打击”升级为“核+常规”打击力量;不仅如此,我们拥有了直升机团、电子对抗团等现代化兵种参与的“合成集团军”。具体到武器装备上:26年后的今天,中国空军可以使用歼-20战机确保制空权优势。

歼20进行飞行展示

此外,空军也有了反辐射导弹,而中国的“彩虹”与“翼龙”系列无人机,也已发展成跟踪与攻击一体化的空中平台。海军方面,大型区域防空舰、核动力潜艇、AIP潜艇等武器装备,达到世界先进水平,能确保中国的海上优势。中国也拥有了作为“踹门先锋”的“中国战斧导弹”——“东风-10型”巡航导弹,射程高达2500公里,依靠先进的传感器寻找、识别并定位目标,通过向指挥部发送信息来实现精确打击;

“东风-10型”巡航导弹发射(图片来源:新华网)

我们已经有了自己的“北斗”卫星定位系统,并已具备在实战中应用的能力。还有完善的防空体系,“红旗-9”防空导弹的服役与参与海外竞标,表明我国已经掌握了第三代防空导弹技术。

中国“红旗-9”防空导弹(图片来源:新华网)

中国还装备了“S-300PMU2”和“红旗16”等防空导弹,并即将装备“S-400”防空系统。而在地面装备方面,“99改”、“96A”等先进坦克,04A步战车以及远程火箭炮也已列装。

96A式主战坦克穿越泥潭

可以说,在主战兵器的技术性能对比上,中美之间的“代差”已日渐缩短,未来10-20年内,中国军队在大型水面舰艇、新型隐身战机、远程战略轰炸机、海上大型目标打击体系建设、卫星导航及指挥控制等方面,将陆续突破瓶颈,取得更大进展。

正如刘华清将军所言:“武器是战争中的重要因素,但决定因素是人、不是物。然而,具有高度觉悟和勇敢牺牲精神的人,一旦有了先进武器,就会如虎添翼;没有先进的武器装备,付出的代价就会增大、赢得战争的时间就会拖长。

由此可见,今后我军建设应高度重视高新技术装备的发展,要走质量建军的路子,‘科技强军’必将是我们长期的发展战略。”

责任编辑:曲格林 CN064、高宗影 CN060
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