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此战震惊解放军 之后美军战斗越多中美差距越小

2017-09-08 08:58:50   瞭望智库

3风暴

战争开始前,很多人都以为,美国与伊拉克那么多坦克、装甲车相互对峙,是要打现代版的“库尔斯克坦克大战”。

库尔斯克坦克大战(图片来源:新华网)

注:“二战”中最大的坦克会战,德军与苏联红军共出动了近8000辆坦克

可在战争伊始,情况就超出了很多人意料:美国先派出两组“阿帕奇”武装直升机队打头阵,在夜色的掩护下低空进击,先行摧毁伊两座预警雷达及相关设施;紧接着派出10架F-117隐形战斗轰炸机——这种战机外形奇特,像是从科幻电影里冒出来的,当时很多飞行员都很怀疑:“这东西能飞起来吗?”

F-117隐形战斗轰炸机(图片来源:新浪军事)

F-117在巴格达上空进行了一番狂轰滥炸,配备的激光制导炸弹轰炸精度极高,一颗炸弹能把一个工事炸出大洞;第二颗炸弹从洞口钻进去,消灭掉里面所有的人员和设备。更关键的是,伊军根本就“看”不见它!只能对着黑漆漆的天空乱打一气。

开战后10日内伊军雷达开机次数对比

注:在意识到美军反辐射导弹攻击的威力后,伊拉克雷达操作手很快减少雷达开机次数,使得地空导弹只能进行盲目发射。开战后2天,从伊军地空导弹雷达开机次数来看,可以认为其防空导弹体系已经不再起作用

接下来,700架常规战机进行轰炸。出发前,美军指挥官还有点紧张,毕竟,伊拉克的防空火力密集,在全世界也能排得上号,美指挥官估计这批飞机战损率10%,至少70架回不来,结果,只损失了一架。为什么会这样?技术差距太大了!伊军导弹雷达上全是密集的白点,美军的电子干扰设备废掉了伊军雷达。而且,伊军雷达一开,美军的反辐射导弹就过来了,哪有信号打哪里!

美军空袭下的巴格达

开战后,单是美军加油机每天就出动300次,昼夜不息地给军机加油。就这样,美军指挥官还嫌伊拉克空域太拥挤,无法同时出动更多的飞机。同时,波斯湾和红海的美军军舰也没闲着,发射了122枚“战斧”巡航导弹——以超过800公里的时速超低空飞行,躲避雷达探测,飞行一两个小时后准确击中1000公里外的目标。

美国海军“新泽西”号战列舰发射“战斧”巡航导弹(图片来源:环球时报)

在海空一体的综合碾压下,伊军的米格战斗机根本没机会升空——它也很无奈啊:机场被炸没了,雷达被炸没了,你叫我怎么飞?而且,伊军头上那是蜂群一样的美军军机,即使飞机能上天,也逃不掉立马被击毁的厄运。伊拉克天空已然任美军翱翔!

伊拉克的米格29(图片来源:观察者网)

随后,掌握制空权的美军对伊拉克进行了力度空前的“地毯式轰炸”。在一次新闻发布会上,美军指挥官指着电视屏幕上的一栋建筑说:“现在大家看到的是位于巴格达的伊拉克空军指挥部。我们会在这里丢下一枚炸弹。”

随即画面切换,炸弹落下

美军的科技能让你通过导弹上的摄像头,亲眼目睹导弹命中目标前的一刻。

伊拉克的发电站、工厂、桥梁等基础设施,都被炸了个稀烂。轰炸持续了一周又一周,强度有增无减。伊拉克巴士拉的发电站被反复轰炸了12次以上。伊军引以为豪的坦克和装甲车,被美国战斗机、轰炸机和攻击机及其携带的常规炸弹、激光制导炸弹、红外导弹等轮番炸成了废铁!

海湾战争中被摧毁的伊军坦克(图片来源:央视网)

美空军以前所未有的效率摧毁了伊拉克地面部队,伊军地面部队平均每天损失1个装甲营。战前从没被看好的空中力量,如今却成了大放异彩的主角!萨达姆对此束手无策,只能期盼地面战争早点到来。为此,他做出了两方面的还击:一是向波斯湾倒入上万桶原油,影响沙特的海水净化,切断其淡水供应;二是将科威特境内的油井点燃,破坏科其生态环境,同时也遮挡美军机视线。这反击,看起来真是弱弱的。然而,海水中倾泻的石油、浓烟滚滚的油井,最容易引起国际舆论关注。是的,萨达姆想打舆论战,逼迫联军尽快开始地面行动。2月24日,在美军持续轰炸38天后,萨达姆盼望已久的地面战终于开始了。可让他没想到的是,地面战居然使美军如虎添翼——无论火力还是射程,美军M1A1主战坦克都轻松碾压伊军T-72坦克。

M1A1主战坦克(图片来源:新华网)

四处游弋的美军武装直升机随意猎杀伊军,即使在黑夜,装备了夜视装置的美军坦克和直升机也丝毫不给伊军喘息的机会。被轰炸了38天的伊军地面部队一触即溃。萨达姆引以为傲的地面部队仅仅撑了100小时,伊军就撤出了科威特。战争并没有结束,美军对伊军进行了“穷追猛打”,不,确切地说是屠杀!溃败的伊军沿着伊科之间的6号公路仓皇北逃,美空军飞机和海军舰载机蜂拥而至,火箭弹、炸弹雨点般落下:先是炸毁伊军首尾的车辆、切断其行路和退路,使中间的伊军车队无法行进,瞬间沦为刀俎之肉——军用和民用车队人仰马翻,连珠似地起火爆炸。

死亡公路(图片来源:新华网)

美军A-10攻击机携带集束炸弹进行轰炸。

这种武器杀伤力惊人,能释放出几十甚至上百个子炸弹,子炸弹可穿透125毫米厚的装甲,爆炸后的碎片能杀伤一个足球场面积范围内的目标。就这样,数万伊军被杀死在伊科边境的公路上,遍地都是被烧焦的尸骸。

每隔50米就有一堆冒烟的车辆残骸,排下来竟达36公里!美军“阿帕奇”飞行员回忆说,“掠过伊军燃烧了几十公里的车队时仿佛看见了炼狱的情景”。这条边境公路因此也成了“死亡公路”。

伊军最后就这样败了!伤亡人数约10万人(其中2万人死亡),8.6万人被俘,损失飞机324架,坦克3847辆,装甲车1450辆,火炮2917门,舰艇143艘,直接经济损失达2000亿美元。美军付出的代价却小到惊人!战斗伤亡606人(其中148人死亡),这里面还包括死于友军火力误伤的35人。

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