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从一棵树到一片“海”——绿色塞罕坝“成长记”

2017-08-04 08:23:08   新华社

塞罕坝的命运从那时起遭遇逆转。

清朝晚期,国势渐衰,为弥补国库空虚,同治皇帝宣布开围垦荒。此后,树木被大肆砍伐,原始森林逐步退化成荒原沙地。

塞罕坝展览馆里,几张泛黄的照片记录着当年的惨境:光秃秃的山丘,狂风肆虐的沙地,难觅活物……

往北是茫茫大漠,往南是京畿重地,这道连南接北的重要生态屏障,轰然倒下了。

大自然的报复如洪水猛兽一般。西伯利亚寒风长驱直入,内蒙古高原流沙大举南进。

北京被几大风沙区包围,来自不同方向的“灌沙”让首都上空常常灰黄一片。如果不堵住这个离得最近的沙源,不扼住这个风口,首都的生态环境将难以为继。

上世纪60年代初,正值国民经济困难时期,国家仍咬紧牙关,下定决心建一座大型国有林场,恢复植被,阻断风沙。

此时的塞罕坝,荒凉了近半个世纪,自然条件越来越恶劣:年平均气温零下1.3摄氏度,无霜期不到两个月,降水量只有400余毫米。

1958年,当地曾搞了大唤起、阴河等小型林场,不但树没种活,人都快活不下去了,只好匆匆下马。

塞罕坝还能不能种树?种什么树?人们疑虑重重。

1961年,时任林业部国营林场管理总局副局长刘琨临危受命,带着6位专家登上塞罕坝。

10月,本应秋色斑斓,坝上却已刮起遮天蔽日的白毛风。他们先是在亮兵台和石庙子一带石崖下,发现被火烧过的黑黢黢的树根。反复辨认,确定是落叶松。

在凛冽寒风中行进到第三天,不知谁喊了一句:“你们看!”大伙儿的眼睛瞬间都亮了:渺无人烟的荒漠深处,一棵落叶松迎风屹立。

”功勋树“资料图片

一群人扑上去抱住树,含着眼泪大喊:“塞罕坝能种树,能种出大树。我们要在它周围建起一片大森林、大林海!”

塞罕坝机械林场由此成立。

1962年,369人肩负使命,或坐车,或骑马,或徒步,豪迈上坝。他们来自全国18个省区市,平均年龄不到24岁,127人是刚走出校园的大中专毕业生。

初来乍到,热血青年们干劲十足,两年种下6400亩落叶松。

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