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【砥砺奋进的五年】“蛟龙”探海启新篇

2017-06-09 16:23:04   光明网

“‘蛟龙’‘海龙’和‘潜龙’这三类深潜器在近年来多个大洋航次科考中已进入业务化运行阶段。”中国大洋协会办公室主任刘峰表示,“‘三龙’装备体系将成为我国开展深海资源勘查和深海前沿科学研究的主力军。”

重大深海技术装备走向“中国造”

“蛟龙号”十年攻关探寻深海,同时开启了我国海洋装备“中国造”的序曲。

我国海洋科考起步晚、底子薄,与之相伴的是研发能力的落后,深海装备长期依赖进口。“30年前我们不知道什么叫深海,什么叫深海装备,所有的都是空白。”中科院三亚深海科学与工程研究所总工程师张艾群说。

从“九五”起,我国开始设立“863计划”海洋技术领域,开始加快大型海洋装备的研发进程。2012年,党的十八大报告首次提出海洋强国战略,海洋科技创新成为支撑国家战略的重要组成部分。2016年科技三会上,习近平指出,深海蕴藏着地球上远未认知和开发的宝藏,但要得到这些宝藏,就必须在深海进入、深海探测、深海开发方面掌握关键技术。国土资源部则发布“十三五”规划,明确将着力突破深海探测的关键技术,向深海空间拓展。

一系列战略的实施,令重大深海技术装备“国产化”迎来了快速发展的机遇期。近年来,我国浮力材料、深水电机、水密接插件、高压海水泵、机械手、水下灯和摄像机等海洋装备的国产化技术走向成熟。

胡震表示,我国已进入总装阶段的4500米载人作业潜水器,国产化率达92%至95%,验证了中国从原材料的制备到加工工艺的能力。随着后续应用发展,必将带动国内深海装备领域新材料、新装备的应用发展。

“龙”丁兴旺将齐探深海

以“三龙”为代表的装备体系不断刷新着中国深海技术的新纪录,然而科学家们对中国深度的执着不仅于此。

“7000米级载人深潜器虽然还没有被超越,但差距不大,我们还是要把万米载人作业突破,如果突破,我们就是世界第一。”中船重工第702所所长何春荣透露,今年1月,全海深载人潜水器已在中国船舶重工集团被立项研制。

2016年9月,国土资源部提出在2020年前开发11000米的深海潜水器。同年底,“潜龙三号”潜水器项目启动,同时,国家科技部发布“深海关键技术与装备”重点专项,全力推进全海深潜水器研制。上海交通大学教授葛彤领衔的“全海深无人潜水器(ARV)研制”项目已获得相应重点研发计划的支持。

“这一项目最终将形成我国具有自主知识产权、覆盖全海深的深海调查技术体系,为推动我国深远海科技发展提供必要的装备支撑。”葛彤表示,同时,6000米级的“海龙三号”也已进入海试阶段。

此外,一个比“蛟龙号”深潜更为庞大、复杂,意义更为重大的工程——“蛟龙探海”工程正在酝酿之中。国家海洋局局长王宏表示,这一工程将对“十三五”及未来15年我国深海资源勘查、深海环境监测与利用、深海技术装备发展、深海规则制定等进行系统设计、统筹谋划和实施,届时将全面推动我国深海活动从“跟跑”向“领跑”的跨越式发展。

《光明日报》(2017年06月09日02版)

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