昆仑河源道综合科考
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帕米尔高原上的游牧人家

2016-09-08 08:56:13   中华网

雪山脚下的塔吉克族人的牧场

“当地牧民都有自己的牧场,牧场分夏季牧场和冬季牧场。夏季的时候,牧民就会赶着牲畜到山间水草丰美的牧场放牧。到了冬季,他们又会赶着牲畜下山,到河谷处的冬季牧场过冬。他们又把冬季住的地方叫‘冬窝子’。”对帕米尔高原上的游牧人家颇有了解的科考队的司机贾新海指着路边的放牧人家说。

当地牧民的冬季牧场

综合科考队在对帕米尔高原的考察过程中,车队在高原上的公路或者崎岖山路上穿行,经常会遇到牧民赶着牲畜在路旁的草场上游走。有时候,一些调皮的牛羊还会到公路上来溜达一圈,好像是要在远道而来的客人前面秀上一秀。

这里就是塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县。

从蒙古包,到泥石屋,再到砖瓦抗震房,牧民们的居所因季节而变

塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县位于新疆维吾尔自治区西南部,帕米尔高原东部。西北与塔吉克斯坦接壤,西南与阿富汗接壤,南部与巴基斯坦相连,东南和东部与叶城、莎车县相连,北面与阿克陶县相连。塔什库尔干,曾有葱岭、蒲犁、羯盘陀的美称,维吾尔语意为“石头城堡”、塔吉克语意为“皇冠”或“戴皇冠者”。居住在这个雄奇的“世界屋脊”上的塔吉克人被称做“彩云上的人家”。

现在很多牧民家的蒙古包都变成了仓库

“原来当地牧民们住的都是那种石头和泥土造的房子,或者是那种蒙古包。后来为了防震抗灾,在当地政府的补助下,他们开始在自己的冬季牧场里修建起了砖瓦水泥房屋。”贾师傅说。一般情况下,这些新建的房子都是在交通相对比较方便的地方,也就是他们的现代化的“冬窝子”。新建的房子里通了电,有的牧民还安装了小型的卫星接收器,也能看到各种电视节目了。

高原上牧民们的主要食物主要还是来自放牧的牲畜,当然也要从县城里买一些大米、面粉和蔬菜等。“这些牧民们不稀罕牛羊肉和奶制品什么的,蔬菜和水果对他们来说很珍贵,平常也不舍得买。”

牛羊奶煮出来的大米饭别有一番滋味

牧民们会把买来的面粉烤成可以长时间储存的馕,“这些馕带着方便,他们出去放牧经常会带着它,煮上点开水或茶就能吃了。”牛奶或者羊奶是他们的日常食物之一,一方面可以直接煮熟了直接饮用,另一方面还可以作为配料,制作其他食物。酸奶自不必多说,纯正的酸奶上撒上一层白糖,味道自是地道。用牛羊奶煮成的大米饭,看上去就很诱人。类似千层饼的油饼,放上一块羊油的奶茶,······

责任编辑:丁勇 CN007
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